Table 3.
Rates of ACP and IPD
| ACP | IPD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Person-Years | Rate per 100, 000 person-years | Rate ratio (95% CI) | Rate per 100, 000 person-years | Rate ratio (95% CI) |
| Overall | 57,108,315.72 | 656.40 | – | 3.62 | – |
| Age group | |||||
| 19–49 | 35,360,219.65 | 438.26 | – | 1.77 | – |
| 50–64 | 21,748,096.07 | 1011.08 | – | 6.63 | – |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 27,290,491.17 | 658.00 | – | 3.77 | – |
| Male | 29,817,824.55 | 654.93 | – | 3.48 | – |
| Health plan type | |||||
| Fee-for-service | 1,159,288.49 | 1395.17 | – | 10.44 | – |
| PPO/EPO | 36,123,603.49 | 646.15 | – | 3.58 | – |
| HMO | 6,943,639.48 | 620.81 | – | 3.25 | – |
| POS | 4,046,790.82 | 705.74 | – | 3.56 | – |
| HDHP/CDHP | 6,592,500.88 | 566.14 | – | 2.76 | – |
| Unknown | 2,242,492.56 | 726.11 | – | 4.50 | – |
| Medical conditions | |||||
| Healthy | 47,370,548.67 | 429.65 | 1.00 | 1.91 | 1.00 |
| Any at-risk or high-risk condition | 9,737,767.05 | 1759.46 | 4.10 (4.07–4.12) | 11.92 | 6.23 (5.72–6.80) |
| At-risk conditions | |||||
| Overall | 7,119,125.33 | 1573.40 | 3.66 (3.64–3.69) | 8.91 | 4.66 (4.21–5.15) |
| Asthma | 1,596,160.50 | 1783.09 | 4.15 (4.10–4.20) | 7.71 | 4.03 (3.34–4.86) |
| Chronic heart disease | 1,432,517.29 | 2343.78 | 5.46 (5.39–5.52) | 11.38 | 5.95 (5.04–7.03) |
| Chronic lung disease | 1,007,145.18 | 3530.77 | 8.22 (8.13–8.31) | 20.16 | 10.54 (9.13–12.33) |
| Chronic liver disease | 607,949.48 | 1603.75 | 3.73 (3.66–3.81) | 13.82 | 7.22 (5.78–9.03) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3,656,304.75 | 1396.74 | 3.25 (3.22–3.28) | 9.03 | 4.72 (4.16–5.35) |
| Number of at-risk conditions | |||||
| 1 | 6,089,016.03 | 1251.81 | 2.91 (2.89–2.94) | 6.98 | 3.65 (3.25–4.10) |
| ≥ 2 | 1,030,109.30 | 3474.29 | 8.09 (8.00–8.18) | 20.29 | 10.61 (9.13–12.33) |
| High-risk conditions | |||||
| Overall | 2,618,641.72 | 2265.30 | 5.27 (5.22–5.32) | 20.12 | 10.52 (9.45–11.72) |
| Chronic renal disease | 424,677.27 | 4045.19 | 9.42 (9.27–9.56) | 41.44 | 21.67 (18.44–25.47) |
| Cancer | 1,825,298.26 | 2132.14 | 4.96 (4.91–5.02) | 18.79 | 9.83 (8.68–11.13) |
| Asplenia | 40,691.59 | 3801.77 | 8.85 (8.42–9.30) | 22.12 | 11.56 (6.00–22.30) |
| HIV | 108,115.60 | 1748.13 | 4.07 (3.89–4.26) | 33.30 | 17.41 (12.48–24.29) |
| Organ transplant | 522,834.47 | 1611.03 | 3.75 (3.67–3.83) | 8.03 | 4.20 (3.08–5.72) |
| Number of high-risk conditions | |||||
| 1 | 2,325,408.37 | 2209.68 | 5.14 (5.09–5.19) | 19.44 | 10.16 (9.08–11.38) |
| ≥ 2 | 293,233.35 | 2706.38 | 6.30 (6.16–6.44) | 25.58 | 13.37 (10.57–16.92) |
ACP all-cause pneumonia, HDHP/CDHP High Deductible/Consumer Driven Health Plan, CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, HMO Health Maintenance Organization, IPD invasive pneumococcal disease, POS Point of Service, PPO/EPO Preferred/Exclusive Provider Organization