Table 4.
Healthcare resource utilization per episode of ACP and IPD
| Resource use | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of office visits (mean [SD]) | Number of emergency department visits (mean [SD]) | Number of inpatient hospital visits (mean [SD]) | Length of inpatient hospital stay (mean [SD]) | |||||
| ACP | IPD | ACP | IPD | ACP | IPD | ACP | IPD | |
| Healthy | 0.58 (0.76) | 0.10 (0.52) | 0.22 (0.43) | 0.40 (0.51) | 0.35 (0.52) | 0.96 (0.27) | 1.43 (4.09) | 7.50 (8.09) |
| At risk conditions | ||||||||
| Overall | 0.43 (0.75)† | 0.08 (0.55) | 0.23 (0.46)† | 0.40 (0.52) | 0.54 (0.59)† | 0.96 (0.25) | 2.41 (5.40)† | 7.64 (7.93) |
| Asthma | 0.49 (0.80)† | 0.10 (0.58) | 0.25 (0.47)† | 0.45 (0.52) | 0.45 (0.57)† | 0.95 (0.22) | 1.98 (4.68)† | 7.18 (7.71) |
| Chronic heart disease | 0.32 (0.69)† | 0.06 (0.56) | 0.22 (0.46) | 0.42 (0.54) | 0.68 (0.61)† | 0.97 (0.23) | 3.04 (6.05)† | 8.31 (8.81) |
| Chronic lung disease | 0.39 (0.76)† | 0.07 (0.65) | 0.25 (0.48)† | 0.43 (0.54) | 0.59 (0.62)† | 0.95 (0.26) | 2.88 (6.04)† | 7.06 (6.73) |
| Chronic liver disease | 0.37 (0.75)† | 0.21 (1.18) | 0.23 (0.47)* | 0.37 (0.49) | 0.62 (0.66)† | 0.99 (0.19) | 2.90 (6.71)† | 7.15 (7.61) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.41 (0.71)† | 0.06 (0.41) | 0.23 (0.45)* | 0.39 (0.51) | 0.56 (0.60)† | 0.95 (0.27) | 2.49 (5.62)† | 7.88 (8.36) |
| High-risk conditions | ||||||||
| Overall | 0.29 (0.67)† | 0.08 (0.40) | 0.24 (0.49)† | 0.34 (0.53)* | 0.73 (0.66)† | 0.98 (0.31) | 3.46 (6.56)† | 7.78 (8.03) |
| Chronic renal disease | 0.21 (0.61)† | 0.07 (0.33) | 0.26 (0.51)† | 0.30 (0.46)* | 0.79 (0.65)† | 0.99 (0.30) | 3.82 (7.24)† | 8.38 (8.49) |
| Cancer | 0.30 (0.68)† | 0.08 (0.35) | 0.23 (0.50)† | 0.35 (0.56) | 0.74 (0.68)† | 0.99 (0.34) | 3.48 (6.37)† | 7.68 (8.11) |
| Asplenia | 0.19 (0.60)† | 0.89 (1.62) | 0.24 (0.47) | 0.22 (0.44) | 0.85 (0.63)† | 0.89 (0.93) | 4.03 (7.76)† | 6.11 (7.44) |
| HIV | 0.32 (0.64)† | 0.08 (0.37) | 0.28 (0.49)† | 0.36 (0.49) | 0.60 (0.61)† | 1.00 (0.00)† | 3.02 (6.33)† | 7.06 (8.62) |
| Organ transplant | 0.38 (0.77)† | 0.05 (0.22) | 0.23 (0.46) | 0.48 (0.86) | 0.63 (0.65)† | 0.95 (0.44) | 2.90 (6.25)† | 7.14 (6.76) |
*P < 0.05 (comparisons between at-risk or high-risk adults and healthy adults)
†P < 0.0001 (comparisons between at-risk or high-risk adults and healthy adults)
ACP all-cause pneumonia, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, IPD invasive pneumococcal disease, SD standard deviation