Figure 15.

(a) TEM image of a SW defect, formed by rotating a carbon–carbon bond by 90° [214]. (b) STM topography of a sixfold defect observed in the growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC at −300 mV sample bias [228]. (c) Simulated STM image of the C6(1,1) defect using DFT calculations [228] (reused with permissions from [214] Copyright © 2008, American Chemical Society, and [228] Copyright © 2011 American Physical Society.).