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. 2018 Aug 29;19(1):613–648. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1494493

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 16. — Fabrication of monolayer graphene by (a) mechanical exfoliation [320], (b) reduction of GO [353], (c) epitaxial growth [354] and (d) CVD growth [321,312]. Generation of disorders during (e) growth [240,192,78,208] and (f) transfer [319,329,322]. In (f), PMMA-A and PMMA-G correspond to PMMA facing the air and graphene respectively. (reused with permissions from [320] Copyright © 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry, [353] Copyright © 2006, American Chemical Society, [354] Copyright © 2013, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, [321] Copyright © 2015, Elsevier. [312] Copyright © 2011, American Chemical Society, [240] Copyright © 2012, Springer Nature, [192] © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd, [78] Copyright © 2011, Springer Nature, [208] Copyright © 2010, Springer Nature, [319] Rights managed by AIP Publishing, [329] Copyright © 2012, American Chemical Society, and [322] © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)