. 2018 Jun 22;4(3):122–130. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2018.03.002

Table 4.

Skin thickness in male versus female skin

Reference	Number	Age	Location	Measurement Device	Male	Female	P value
Bailey et al. (2012)	88	18-61 years	forehead, midcheek, jowl, neck, and infraumbilical region	DermaScan C 20 MHz (Cyberderm, Broomall, PA)	men had an overall 10-20% thicker than women (Figure 1)		p < 0.003
Sandby-Moller et al. (2003)	71	20-68 years	forearm dorsal	calibrated square grid after biopsy	not available	not available	significantly higher in men (p < 0.0001) (Thickness of the cellular epidermis)
			shoulder
			buttock
Mayrovitz et al. (2012)	30 men	25.6 ± 2.9 years	Forehead	MoistureMeter- D (Delfin Technologies Ltd, Kuopio, Finland)	39.6 ± 2.7 TDC unit	37.4 ± 3.3 TDC unit	p = 0.001
	30 women	26.3 ± 4.4 years	cheek		35.9 ± 4.9 TDC unit	32.8 ± 3.8 TDC unit	p = 0.009
	30 women	26.3 ± 4.4 years	forearm		31.5 ± 3.2 TDC unit	28.3 ± 2.4 TDC unit	p < 0.001
Mayrovitz et al. (2010)	30 men	25.0 +/- 2.5 y	volar forearm	Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) measurements at 300 MHz via the coaxial line reflection method using a probe with an effective measurement depth of 1.5 mm.	33.2 +/- 4.0 TDC unit	29.4 +/- 2.7 TDC unit	p < 0.001
Mayrovitz et al. (2010)	30 women	27.4 +/- 6.6 y	volar forearm		33.2 +/- 4.0 TDC unit	29.4 +/- 2.7 TDC unit	p < 0.001
Firooz et al. (2017)	30	24-61 y	cheek, neck, palm, sole, dorsum of foot	high frequency ultrasonography using 22 and 50 MHz probes	neck: 1592.17 (452.30) μm	neck: 1253.47 μm (252.51)	significant in neck and dorsum of foot (p < 0.05)
Firooz et al. (2017)	30	24-61 y	cheek, neck, palm, sole, dorsum of foot	high frequency ultrasonography using 22 and 50 MHz probes	dorsum of foot: 1666.54 μm (430.03)	dorsum of foot: 1258.12 μm (391.37)	significant in neck and dorsum of foot (p < 0.05)

TDC, tissue dielectric constant