Table 5.
pH in male versus female skin
| Reference | Number | Age | Location | Measurement Device | Male | Female | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bailey et al. (2012) | 88 | 18-61 years | forehead, midcheek, jowl, neck, abdomen | pH meter PH905 attached to Derma Unit SSC3 (CK Electronic, Koln, Germany) | Figure 2 | Significant | |
| Luebberding et al. (2013) | 300 | 20-74 years | forehead, cheek, neck, volar forearm and dorsum of hand | Skin-pH-Meter® PH 905 (Courage & Khazaka) | not available | not available | significantly lower in male (p < 0.05) |
| Giusti et al. (2001) | 70 | 8 to 24 months | volar forearm | pH meter (pH 90, Schwarzhaupt, Medizintechnik, Germany) | 5.46 ± 0.61 | 5.45 ± 0.68 | not available |
| buttock | 5.97 ± 0.65 | 5.93 ± 0.64 | |||||
| Fox et al. (1998) | 40 | very low birth weight Infants over the first month of life | not available | a glass flat-surface pH electrode | 6.40 | 6.10 | significant |
| Ehlers et al. (2001) | 6 men | 31–59 years | flexor surface of the forearm | a skin pH meter (pH meter 1140; Mettler Toledo, Greisensee, Switzerland) | 5.80 | 5.54 | significant (p < 0.01) |
| 5 women | 26–54 years | ||||||
| Kim et al. (2006) | 46 women | 21-37 years | five facial sites, T-Zone, U-zone | Skin-pH-Meter PH 905® (Courage & Khazaka, Koln, Germany) | not available | not available | significantly lower in males in T-zone, U-zone, and mean facial pH (p < 0.001) |
| 37 men | 23-29 years |