Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of Peripheral Arterial Disease Participants According to 2-Year Change in WIQ Score by Categories of Change (n = 442)
|
Change in WIQ Stair Climbing Score | ||||||
| Category1 Decline ≥20.0 Points (n = 84) | Category 2 Decline 20.0–5.0 Points (n = 78) | Category 3 Decline <5.0 and Increase <5.0 Points (n = 130) | Category 4 Increase 5.0–20.0 Points (n = 66) | Category 5 Increase ≥20.0 Points (n = 80) | p for Trend | |
| Age, yrs | 74.74 ± 8.04 | 71.37 ± 8.75 | 73.48 ± 8.07 | 71.91 ± 8.82 | 71.54 ± 7.80 | 0.04 |
| Male, % | 66.67 | 51.28 | 44.62 | 68.18 | 61.25 | 0.36 |
| Black race, % | 10.71 | 24.36 | 12.31 | 13.64 | 17.50 | 0.21 |
| ABI | 0.64 ± 0.14 | 0.64 ± 0.14 | 0.65 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.24 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.34 ± 4.90 | 27.76 ± 5.72 | 28.24 ± 5.15 | 27.11 ± 3.93 | 27.33 ± 4.76 | 0.59 |
| Current smoker, % | 16.67 | 17.95 | 15.38 | 16.67 | 20.00 | 0.81 |
| Angina, % | 39.29 | 20.51 | 32.31 | 42.42 | 21.25 | 0.31 |
| CHF, % | 22.62 | 14.10 | 24.62 | 25.76 | 13.75 | 0.97 |
| MI, % | 28.57 | 15.38 | 24.62 | 22.73 | 27.50 | 0.22 |
| Stroke, % | 10.71 | 12.82 | 13.08 | 7.58 | 16.25 | 0.55 |
| Pulmonary disease, % | 30.95 | 32.05 | 37.69 | 36.36 | 27.50 | 0.87 |
| Cancer, % | 14.29 | 16.67 | 15.38 | 10.61 | 21.25 | 0.40 |
| Diabetes, % | 39.29 | 30.77 | 27.69 | 31.82 | 28.75 | 0.51 |
| Blocks walked in the past week, n | 33.11 ± 36.33 | 35.81 ± 69.35 | 17.93 ± 40.75 | 37.58 ± 47.31 | 39.48 ± 58.44 | 0.65 |
| Statin use, % | 55.95 | 46.15 | 43.08 | 40.91 | 36.25 | 0.08 |
| ACE inhibitor use, % | 36.90 | 19.23 | 28.46 | 27.27 | 22.50 | 0.06 |
| Change in WIQ Distance Score | ||||||
| Category1 Decline ≥20.0 Points (n = 88) | Category 2 Decline 20.0–5.0 Points (n = 69) | Category 3 Decline <5.0 and Increase <5.0 Points (n = 129) | Category 4 Increase 5.0–20.0 Points (n = 77) | Category 5 Increase ≥20.0 Points (n = 68) | p for Trend | |
| Age, yrs | 72.19 ± 8.09 | 73.75 ± 7.12 | 73.31 ± 8.59 | 72.34 ± 8.09 | 71.15 ± 8.85 | 0.38 |
| Male, % | 65.91 | 43.48 | 56.59 | 62.34 | 54.41 | 0.52 |
| Black race, % | 13.64 | 17.39 | 13.18 | 11.69 | 20.59 | 0.54 |
| ABI | 0.69 ± 0.12 | 0.64 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.14 | 0.65 ± 0.17 | 0.66 ± 0.16 | 0.26 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.96 ± 4.38 | 27.70 ± 5.03 | 28.09 ± 5.24 | 27.76 ± 4.36 | 27.86 ± 5.86 | 0.88 |
| Current smoker, % | 17.05 | 24.64 | 13.18 | 12.99 | 22.06 | 0.68 |
| Angina, % | 39.77 | 31.88 | 31.01 | 24.68 | 25.00 | 0.05 |
| CHF, % | 25.00 | 18.84 | 19.38 | 20.78 | 16.18 | 0.10 |
| MI, % | 26.14 | 23.19 | 22.48 | 24.68 | 22.06 | 0.88 |
| Stroke, % | 13.64 | 8.70 | 10.85 | 10.39 | 16.18 | 0.73 |
| Pulmonary disease, % | 30.68 | 39.13 | 37.98 | 25.97 | 30.88 | 0.76 |
| Cancer, % | 12.50 | 10.14 | 17.83 | 20.78 | 14.71 | 0.75 |
| Diabetes, % | 35.23 | 33.33 | 27.91 | 28.57 | 35.29 | 0.87 |
| Blocks walked in the past week, n | 52.41 ± 76.50 | 30.71 ± 37.31 | 25.94 ± 39.59 | 33.00 ± 35.10 | 31.99 ± 51.67 | 0.01 |
| Statin use, % | 52.27 | 46.38 | 44.19 | 41.56 | 35.29 | 0.08 |
| ACE inhibitor use, % | 34.09 | 24.64 | 25.58 | 28.57 | 20.59 | 0.06 |
| Change in WIQ Speed Score | ||||||
| Category 1 Decline ≥20.0 Points (n = 77) | Category 2 Decline 20.0–5.0 Points (n = 121) | Category 3 Decline <5.0 and Increase <5.0 Points (n = 60) | Category 4 Increase 5.0–20.0 Points (n = 125) | Category 5 Increase ≥20.0 Points (n = 52) | p for Trend | |
| Age, yrs | 71.79 ± 9.05 | 72.76 ± 8.45 | 73.19 ± 7.82 | 73.26 ± 8.18 | 72.06 ± 8.57 | 0.54 |
| Male, % | 66.23 | 51.61 | 46.02 | 67.00 | 53.85 | 0.80 |
| Black race, % | 16.88 | 12.90 | 14.16 | 11.00 | 28.85 | 0.14 |
| ABI | 0.67 ± 0.12 | 0.66 ± 0.14 | 0.65 ± 0.15 | 0.66 ± 0.16 | 0.64 ± 0.16 | 0.23 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.32 ± 4.49 | 28.52 ± 5.55 | 27.88 ± 5.40 | 27.94 ± 4.69 | 27.26 ± 4.31 | 0.57 |
| Current smoker, % | 16.88 | 17.20 | 16.81 | 21.00 | 11.54 | 0.99 |
| Angina, % | 31.17 | 38.71 | 30.97 | 34.00 | 13.46 | 0.19 |
| CHF, % | 16.88 | 21.51 | 23.89 | 21.00 | 17.31 | 0.84 |
| MI, % | 23.38 | 22.58 | 20.35 | 25.00 | 32.69 | 0.16 |
| Stroke,% | 7.79 | 17.20 | 11.50 | 12.00 | 13.46 | 0.21 |
| Pulmonary disease, % | 32.47 | 44.09 | 33.63 | 30.00 | 21.15 | 0.28 |
| Cancer, % | 20.78 | 16.13 | 8.85 | 17.00 | 19.23 | 0.43 |
| Diabetes,% | 31.17 | 29.03 | 34.51 | 30.00 | 32.69 | 0.83 |
| Blocks walked in the past | 51.92 ± 75.48 | 30.08 ± 43.85 | 28.08 ± 35.26 | 30.61 ± 48.80 | 32.40 ± 43.51 | 0.06 |
| week, n | ||||||
| Statin use, % | 45.45 | 56.99 | 45.13 | 34.00 | 42.31 | 0.19 |
| ACE inhibitor use, % | 27.27 | 30.11 | 26.55 | 29.00 | 25.00 | 0.52 |
Values shown are mean ± SE, unless otherwise indicated. Where applicable, values are the means ± SDs across the categories. Two-year WIQ domain score change was calculated by subtracting the 2-year WIQ domain score from the baseline respective WIQ domain score. ABI = ankle brachial index; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; MI = myocardial infarction; PAD = peripheral arterial disease; WIQ = Walking Impairment Questionnaire.