Table 3.

Association between perceived availability of social support, HIV-related stigma, and antenatal depressive symptoms

Variable	Mean EPDS score (SD)	Unadjusted regression coefficient [95% CI]	P-value	(A) Regression coefficient [95% CI]1	P-value	(B) Regression coefficient [95% CI]2	P-value
Age		−0.1 [−0.2, −0.002]	0.044			−0.1 [−0.1, −0.01]	0.035
Educational attainment
Completed secondary/any tertiary
Primary/some secondary	5.2 (5.5) 5.3 (5.2)	Reference 0.1 [−0.8, 1.1]	0.757
Current employment
Employed
Unemployed	4.8 (5.1) 5.6 (5.3)	Reference 0.8 [−0.03, 1.7]	0.060
Poverty level
Least disadvantaged
Moderately disadvantaged
Most disadvantaged	4.8 (5.0) 5.2 (5.3) 5.7 (5.4)	Reference 0.4 [−0.6, 1.5] 0.9 [−0.1, 2.0]	0.405 0.066
Relationship status
Married/cohabiting
Single	4.7 (4.8) 5.7 (5.5)	Reference 1.0 [0.1, 1.8]	0.023			Reference 0.6 [−0.2, 1.4]	0.136
Pregnancy intention
Intended
Unintended	4.3 (4.6) 5.7 (5.5)	Reference 1.4 [0.5, 2.3]	0.002			Reference 1.0 [0.2, 1.9]	0.018
Time of HIV diagnosis
Before this pregnancy
During this pregnancy	5.3 (5.2) 5.3 (5.3)	Reference 0.03 [−0.8, 0.9]	0.949
Perceived availability of support – instrumental		−1.1 [−1.6, −0.6]	<0.001	−1.1 [−1.6, −0.7]	<0.001	−0.2 [−0.8, 0.4]	0.561
Perceived availability of support – emotional		−0.8 [−1.3, −0.4]	<0.001	−0.9 [−1.3, −0.4]	<0.001	−0.04 [−0.6, 0.5]	0.900
HIV-related stigma – social rejection		2.2 [1.7, 2.7]	<0.001	2.2 [1.7, 2.7]	<0.001	0.7 [0.1, 1.3]	0.025
HIV-related stigma – internalized shame		2.2 [1.8, 2.6]	<0.001	2.2 [1.8, 2.6]	<0.001	1.8 [1.2, 2.3]	<0.001

¹Regression coefficient [95% CI] adjusted for age, marital status and pregnancy intention;

²Regression coefficient [95% CI] adjusted for all other covariates in model