Table 2. Summary of standardized mean difference for outcomes of subgroup analysis in terms of study type.
| Outcome or subgroup | Number of studies | Participants (UKA/TKA) |
ES (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VGRF (heel strike) | SMD | ||||
| All | 5 | 60/63 | 0.18 (-0.37 to 0.72) | 51 | 0.53 |
| Subgroup analysis | |||||
| PCS | 1 | 15/17 | 0.26 (-0.44 to 0.96) | NA | 0.46 |
| RCS | 4 | 45/46 | 0.11 (-0.63 to 0.86) | 63 | 0.76 |
VGRF, vertical ground reaction force; PCS, prospective comparative study; RCS, retrospective comparative study; UKA, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval; SMD, standardized mean difference; NA, not available