Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis of refrigerator use in relation to risk of gastric cancer.
| Source | Design and study location | Sex | Age at baseline, years* |
No. of participants | No. of case | No. of control/cohort size | No. of refrigerator usage | Outcome ascertainment | Adjustment for cofounders | Quality assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Munoz et al., 2001 | Case-control, Venezuela | F/M | Case: 35+, Control: 35±5 | 777 | 292 | 485 | Case: 282; Control: 466 |
Histologically confirmed | Age, sex and SES | 9 | |||
| La Vecchia, et al. 1990 | Case-control, Italy | F/M | Case: 27–74; Control: 25–74 | 1749 | 526 | 1223 | NR | Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, area of residence, education, and selected indicator foods (pasta or rice, maize, green vegetables and fresh fruit). | 6 | |||
| Fei, et al., 2006 | Case-control, China | F/M | Case: 29–91; Control: 28–93 | 756 | 189 | 567 | Case: 173; Control: 557 |
Histologically confirmed | Income, having three meals at regular time, Taking meals slowly, hot food, fried food, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, milk products, animal red meat, drinking green tea, vitamins, past history of gastric diseases, and family history of cancer | 7 | |||
| Hansson, et al., 1993 | Case-control, Sweden | F/M | 40–79 | 1017 | 338 | 679 | NR | Newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed |
Age, sex, SES, BMI, vegetable and fruit consumption | 9 | |||
| Peleteiro, et al., 2011 | Case-control, Portugal | F/M | 18–92 | 1071 | 422 | 649 | NR | Medical records | Age, sex, education, smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection |
9 | |||
| Pakseresht, et al., 2011 | Case-control, Iran | F/M | Case: 66.3 (11.3), Control: 62.9 (11.1) | 590 | 286 | 304 | Case: 275; Control: 301 |
Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, education, living area, smoking gastric symptoms, income, owning refrigerator, seeds preparing method, frying, H.P infection and total energy intake | 9 | |||
| Binici, et al., 2009 | Case-control, Turkey | F/M | Case: 21–92; Control: 30–91 | 376 | 188 | 188 | Case: 70; Control: 137 |
Histologically confirmed | Unadjusted | 8 | |||
| Cai, et al., 2003 | Case-control, China | F/M | 30–79 | 603 | 381 | 222 | Case: Cardia: 83; Non-cardia: 104; Control: 139 |
Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, smoking, drinking, and family cancer history in the first–degree relatives | 7 | |||
| Van den Brandtt, et al.,2003 | Cohort, Netherlands | F/M | 55–69 | 3405 | 282 | 3123/120852 | Case:181; Control: 1952 |
Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, smoking status, level of education, stomach disorders and stomach cancer in the family | 9 | |||
| La Vecchia, et al.,1995 | Case-control, Italy | F/M | Case: 19–74 Control: 19–74 |
2799 | 746 | 2053 | Case: use of refrigerator <30 years vs. 30+ years (380 vs.366); Control: use of refrigerator <30 years vs. 30+ years (1023 vs.1030) | Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, education, traditional foods, Beta-carotene, vitamin C intake, and family history of stomach cancer | 7 | |||
| Boeing, et al.,1991 | Case-control, Germany | F/M | 32–80 | 722 | 143 | 579 | Case: use of refrigerator <24 years, 25–29, 30+ years (41 vs. 37 vs.58); Control: use of refrigerator <24 years, 25–29, 30+ years (127 vs. 159 vs.281) | Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, hospital, water supply, and smoking with meant at home, | 7 | |||
| Mathew, et al., 2000 | Nested case-control, India | F/M | 20+ | 499 | 194 | 305 | Case:106; Control: 188 |
Histologically confirmed | Age, sex, religion, education, smoking and alcohol habits | 7 | |||
*Mean or median duration of follow-up.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NR; not report; SES, socio-economic status.