Table 2. Association between active travel and physical multi-morbidity (outcome) estimated by multivariable logistic regression.
| Characteristic | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active travel | High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.30** | [1.11,1.53] | 1.28** | [1.09,1.51] | 1.19* | [1.01,1.41] | 1.16 | [0.97,1.38] | |
| Low | 1.67*** | [1.36,2.05] | 1.64*** | [1.33,2.01] | 1.33** | [1.09,1.63] | 1.28* | [1.06,1.54] | |
| Age | (years) | 1.04*** | [1.03,1.05] | 1.04*** | [1.02,1.05] | 1.02** | [1.00,1.03] | 1.01* | [1.00,1.03] |
| Sex | Female vs. male | 1.34*** | [1.13,1.58] | 1.25* | [1.04,1.51] | 1.20 | [0.99,1.44] | 1.20* | [1.00,1.45] |
| Wealth | Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Poorer | 0.98 | [0.75,1.29] | 1.08 | [0.82,1.41] | 1.08 | [0.83,1.42] | |||
| Middle | 0.97 | [0.75,1.26] | 1.09 | [0.87,1.38] | 1.11 | [0.89,1.39] | |||
| Richer | 0.91 | [0.71,1.16] | 1.06 | [0.82,1.35] | 1.06 | [0.82,1.36] | |||
| Richest | 0.75 | [0.54,1.05] | 0.96 | [0.69,1.34] | 0.96 | [0.69,1.34] | |||
| Education | ≥ vs. <Secondary | 0.89 | [0.71,1.10] | 0.95 | [0.77,1.18] | 0.94 | [0.76,1.17] | ||
| Living arrangement | Alone vs. not alone | 0.99 | [0.79,1.25] | 1.04 | [0.85,1.28] | 1.05 | [0.86,1.29] | ||
| Unemployed | Yes vs. no | 1.33** | [1.10,1.60] | 1.08 | [0.90,1.31] | 1.06 | [0.87,1.29] | ||
| Setting | Urban vs. Rural | 1.20 | [0.86,1.67] | 1.39* | [1.02,1.90] | 1.37* | [1.02,1.84] | ||
| Mobility | 1.03*** | [1.02,1.03] | 1.03*** | [1.02,1.03] | |||||
| Other physical activity | (min per week) | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | ||||||
Data are odds ratio [95% confidence intervals].
Models are adjusted for all variables in the respective columns and country.
Multi-morbidity referred to ≥2 chronic physical conditions.
* p<0.05,
** p<0.01,
*** p<0.001