Summary of advantages and limitations in 2D- and 3D-culture platforms in hPDD. The graphs depict a sectional view of cells and 2D- and 3D-culture environments supplemented with cell culture medium, growth factors, extracellular matrices, and drugs. Abbreviations: BM, basement membrane; D, dimension(al); EB, embryoid body; ECMs, extracellular metrices; NCM, non-colony type monolayer; PPJ, plastic-protein junction; PS, polystyrene surface of the cell culture dishes for hPSCs.