. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Transplant. 2018 Jun 4;18(9):2182–2188. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14907

Table 1.

Percentage point change in the probability of kidney offer acceptance at programs before and after undergoing a Systems Improvement agreement (SIA)

	Percent of offers accepted (Mean (SD) offers accepted per-program)		Percentage Point Change^a (95% CI)

	Pre-SIA	Post-SIA	Pre − Post SIA	Net change associated with SIA
SIA KT Programs	26.9%	22.1%
SIA KT Programs	66 (33)	41 (20)	−5.3 (−8.9, −1.7), p=0.005	−5.9 (−10.9, −0.8), p=0.03
Non-SIA KT Programs⁺	33.9%	44.4%
Non-SIA KT Programs⁺	88 (56)	90 (63)	0.6 (−3.0, 4.1), p=0.8	0 [Reference]

The change in probability of acceptance of kidney offers associated with the SIA is the difference-in-differences estimate comparing SIA to non-SIA programs. The non-SIA programs allow for adjustment of time-dependent trends in kidney acceptance occurring independent of regulatory involvement. Difference-in-differences model adjusted for calendar time, time-varying waitlist volume, time-invariant program factors, deceased-donor characteristics, and a linear time trend interacted with SIA status. 95% confidence intervals based on program level cluster-robust standard errors.