Table 2.

Anti-inflammatory activities of Mikania cordata and phenylbutazone (PBZ) on carrageenan-induced edema in the right hind-limb paw of rats.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Time (h)					Average edema formation
		0	1	2	3	4
		EV (ml)	EV (ml)	EV (ml)	EV (ml)	EV (ml)
Control (saline) edema formation	–	–	0.35 ± 0.04	0.41 ± 0.05	0.44 ± 0.050	0.48 ± 0.06	0.42
Phenylbutazone	100	–	0.24 ± 0.03∗	0.16 ± 0.05	0.15 ± 0.03∗∗	0.06 ± 0.04∗∗	0.15
Essential oil	12.5	–	0.46 ± 0.02∗∗	0.55 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.1∗∗	0.43 ± 0.02	0.44
	25.0	–	0.27 ± 0.02∗	0.24 ± 0.06∗	0.20 ± 0.80∗	0.3 ± 0.05∗∗	0.25
	50.0	–	0.22 ± 0.06	0.17 ± 0.04∗∗	0.13 ± 0.04∗∗	0.24 ± 0.6∗∗	0.19
Chloroform extracts	200	–	0.44 ± 0.01	0.49 ± 0.06∗	0.47 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.09∗	0.46
	400	–	0.36 ± 0.04	0.4 ± 0.44∗	0.39 ± 0.22∗	0.38 ± 0.12∗∗	0.38
	800	–	0.32 ± 0.16∗∗	0.35 ± 0.12∗	0.34 ± 0.04∗∗	0.31 ± 0.22∗∗	0.33
Ethyl acetate extracts	200	–	0.51 ± 0.33	0.51 ± 0.16	0.49 ± 0.1	0.46 ± 0.31∗	0.49
	400	–	0.43 ± 0.23	0.49 ± 0.07∗	0.46 ± 0.17∗∗	0.43 ± 0.03∗∗	0.45
	800	–	0.42 ± 0.31	0.45 ± 0.69	0.43 ± 0.10∗	0.40 ± 0.08	0.43

EV: Edema volume.

Values represent the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5), ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 compared with control group.