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. 2018 Aug 30;8:13073. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30905-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Example experimental designs demonstrating how MixSIAR apportions sources in hierarchical river networks. In all designs, rivers flow downward, filled circles represent nodes at which sediment mixture (Mix = M) samples could be collected, and dashed grey lines delineate watersheds (S) denoted by subscript numbers, and subscript letters indicate unique sources. (A) Simple watershed with three sources, S_A-C, and one mixture location at the outflow, M. (B) Longitudinal system with four sources, S_A-D, and multiple mixture locations at the outlet of each nested subwatershed, M_1–4. (C) Distributed system with mixtures at the outflow of each of three subwatersheds, M₁, M₂, and M₄, four sources (S_A-D), as well as mixtures on the main channel: M₃ and M₅. (note: not all sources are present in all subwatersheds).