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. 2018 Aug 24;9:1901. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01901

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Memory peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cells are decreased in untreated HIV+ children and correlate with disease progression. (A) FACS plots showing representative gating to identify memory pTfh cells in an HIV− and HIV+ subject. CD4 memory subsets were identified by CD45RO and CCR7 expression. Total memory CD4 T cells (CD4 TM) were Boolean-gated as the sum of TCM, TEM, and TEMRA populations. Memory pTfh cells are identified as CXCR5+ CCR7+ cells within CD4 TM. (B) The proportion of CXCR5+ CCR7+ cells in CD4 TM in HIV−, ART−, and ART+ children. (C) Memory pTfh cell frequencies in ART− subjects at before (T0) and ~12 months after treatment (T1) is shown. The second plot shows memory pTfh cell levels in ART− subjects at T0 and T1 compared with HIV− subjects. (D) Linear regression plot of memory pTfh cells vs. age at ART initiation in ART+ children. (E) Correlations between memory pTfh cell frequencies and HIV log copies/mL, %CD4+ T cells, and CD4:CD8 ratios in HIV+ children (ART− in orange and ART+ in blue). Significant p values are shown for statistical analysis of HIV+ (black), ART− (orange), and ART+ (blue) groups (****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05).