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. 2018 Apr 7;67(6):965–970. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy297

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Figure 1. — A, Timelines in 14 participants (A–N) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion occurring after preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was offered in the EleMENt cohort. B, Proposed framework of PrEP failure typologies, beginning with biomedical failures (case A) and expanding to include low PrEP adherence (case B), PrEP discontinuation (cases C and D), PrEP contemplation (cases E–I), and PrEP refusal (cases J–N). Systems failures are represented as a ring joining the other 4 typologies, given the cross-cutting nature of this barrier to PrEP effectiveness.