Table 2. PRRs and their DAMP ligands.

Family	Major members	DAMP ligands
TLRs	TLR1–9	HMGB1, HSPs, S100 proteins, histones, DNA, RNA, mtDNA, syndecans, glypicans, biglycan, decorin, versican, LMW hyaluronan, heparan sulfate, fibrinogen, tenascin C
NLRs	NOD1, NOD2, NLRP family	Uric acid, Aβ, mROS, histones, biglycan, LMW hyaluronan
RLRs	RIG-I, MDA5, LGP2	RNA
CLRs	DEC-205, MMR, Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Mincle, DC-SIGN, DNGR-1	SAP130, F-actin
CDSs	AIM2-like receptor	DNA
Scavenger receptors	CD36, CD44, CD68, CD91, CXCL16, RAGE	HMGB1, HSPs, S100 proteins, calreticulin, versican
FPRs	FPR1, FPR2, FPR3	Formyl peptide, cathelicidin (LL37)

NLR, NOD-like receptor; CLR, C-type lectin receptor; CDS, cytosolic DNA sensor; FPR, formyl peptide receptor; LMW, low molecular weight.