Table 2.
Association (B coefficients, B, or Odds Ratios, OR, and 95 % confidence intervals, CI) of cognitive performance after the 3-year follow-up with the variables of interest according to linear and logistic regression analyses
| Bone Mineral Density (mg/cm3) | Cognitive performance after the 3-year follow-up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mini-Mental State Examination score |
Incident cognitive impairmenta |
Worsening cognitive performanceb |
|||||||
| B | 95 % CI | P | OR | 95 % CI | P | OR | 95 % CI | P | |
| Total 38 % tibial | |||||||||
| Crude association | 0.10 | 0.05-0.14 | <0.0001 | 0.95 | 0.92-0.98 | <0.0001 | 0.97 | 0.94-0.98 | 0.012 |
| Fully adjustedc | 0.05 | 0.01-0.09 | 0.019 | 0.96 | 0.92-1.01 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.95-1.01 | 0.201 |
| Cortical | |||||||||
| Crude association | 0.01 | 0.07-0.18 | <0.0001 | 0.93 | 0.90-0.96 | <0.0001 | 0.96 | 0.93-0.98 | 0.008 |
| Fully adjustedc | 0.08 | 0.03-0.13 | 0.001 | 0.93 | 0.88-0.98 | 0.012 | 0.96 | 0.92-0.98 | 0.039 |
| Total 4 % tibial | |||||||||
| Crude association | 0.07 | -0.01-0.02 | 0.133 | 0.99 | 0.93-1.05 | 0.766 | 0.97 | 0.92-1.02 | 0.235 |
| Fully adjustedc | |||||||||
| Trabecular | |||||||||
| Crude association | 0.03 | -0.04-0.11 | 0.410 | 1.00 | 0.96-1.06 | 0.753 | 0.97 | 0.93-1.01 | 0.195 |
| Fully adjustedc | |||||||||
All the covariates were entered simultaneously into the adjusted regression models
Defined as a MMSE score <24
Defined as the prevalence of subjects with a lower MMSE score at the follow-up test, as compared with baseline evaluation (MMSE at followup – MMSE at baseline = ΔMMSE < 0)
Adjusted for: age; education, smoking; falls, protein intake; diagnosis of diabetes; use of neuroleptics, ACE-inhibitors, and antiplatelets; glomerular filtration rate, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, 20-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, gait speed, and the baseline Mini–Mental State Examination score