Table 4.
Post-hoc analysis of several LV KE flow parameters in different LV function sub-groups
| (a) normal EF (n = 20) | (b) preserved EF (n = 12) | (c) Mild (n = 16) | (d) Moderate (n = 10) | (e) Severe (n = 10) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinetic energy parameters normalised to LVEDV (KEiEDV) | ||||||
| LV# | 8.5 ± 2.7 | 7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 2.9 | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 3.5 | 0.10 |
| Minimal# | 0.95 ± 0.63b, c | 0.53 ± 0.29a, e | 0.56 ± 0.32a, e | 0.76 ± 0.37e | 1.48 ± 0.54b, c, d | < 0.01 |
| Systolic | 9.2 ± 3.8c, d, e | 8.4 ± 5.1d, e | 6.8 ± 3.2a, d | 5.9 ± 1.5a, b, c | 5.7 ± 1.7a, b | < 0.01 |
| Diastolic# | 7.5 ± 4.2 | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 6.3 ± 2.3 | 7.5 ± 3.4 | 0.30 |
| Peak E-wave | 22 ± 10.2 | 19.1 ± 6.9 | 14.1 ± 9.2 | 14.6 ± 7.3 | 17.3 ± 9.4 | 0.13 |
| Peak A-wave | 12.5 ± 5.6e | 13.7 ± 7.7e | 11.4 ± 5.5 | 10.9 ± 6.2 | 8 ± 6.2a, b | 0.10 |
| In-plane (%) | 36.5 ± 7.2b, e | 31.3 ± 3.9a, d, e | 35.5 ± 5.6e | 38.4 ± 7.5b | 41.4 ± 4a, b, c | < 0.01 |
| TD (msec) | 11 ± 31b, d, e | 34 ± 11a, e | 26 ± 33d, e | 53 ± 28a, c | 90 ± 76a, b, c | < 0.01 |
| Kinetic energy parameters normalised to SV (KEiSV) | ||||||
| LV# | 13 ± 5e | 12 ± 7e | 12 ± 5e | 18 ± 6e | 29 ± 19a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
| Minimal# | 1.4 ± 0.9e | 0.9 ± 7e | 1.1 ± 0.9e | 1.9 ± 1.5e | 6 ± 4a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
| Systolic | 15 ± 5e | 15 ± 10e | 14 ± 6e | 16 ± 6e | 22 ± 5a, b, c, d | 0.03 |
| Diastolic# | 11.6 ± 6d, e | 11.6 ± 5e | 11.6 ± 5e | 17 ± 10a, e | 34 ± 15a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
| Peak E-wave | 35 ± 14e | 33 ± 15e | 29.5 ± 19e | 39 ± 27 | 62 ± 52a, b, c | 0.02 |
| Peak A-wave | 19 ± 10e | 23.5 ± 13 | 22 ± 1e | 32 ± 17 | 33 ± 27a, c | 0.03 |
| Kinetic energy parameters without normalisation | ||||||
| LV# | 1.3 ± 0.6e | 1.3 ± 1e | 1.1 ± 0.7e | 1.3 ± 0.5e | 1.9 ± 0.7a, b, c, d | 0.15 |
| Minimal# | 0.14 ± 0.07b, e | 0.08 ± 0.09a, d, e | 0.13 ± 0.1e | 0.15 ± 0.1b, e | 0.36 ± 0.08a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
| Systolic | 1.45 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.65 | 0.27 |
| Diastolic# | 1.14 ± 0.8e | 1 ± 0.6e | 1 ± 0.6e | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.9a, b, c | < 0.01 |
| Peak E-wave | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 3 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 3 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 0.16 |
| Peak A-wave | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 0.35 |
All data is represented as median ± inter-quartile range. Significant differences within groups represented as superscript
nEF normal ejection fraction in controls with no MI, pEF MI patients with preserved ejection fraction, LV left ventricle, TD time difference of peak E-wave KE propagation from base to mid-ventricle
#P-value is adjusted for the co-variate: heart rate