Table 4.
Association between gout/hyperuricemia and dementia including covariates, all patients, no selection according to treatment
| Covariate | N (% from 137,640) | Cases (% from 27,528) | Controls (% from 110,112) | OR (CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-hyperuricemia drugs | 23,370 (17.0) | 4.734 (17.2) | 18,636 (16.9) | 0.94 (0.90,0.99) | 0.01 |
| Hyperuricemia | 30,629 (22.3) | 6137 (22.3) | 24,492 (22.2) | 0.94 (0.90,0.98) | 0.0025 |
| Polypharmacya | 90,418 (65.7) | 19,495 (70.8) | 70,923 (64.4) | 1.15 (1.11,1.19) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 48,553 (35.3) | 11,247 (40.9) | 37,306 (33.9) | 1.29 (1.25,1.33) | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 55,307 (40.2) | 11,862 (43.1) | 43,445 (39.5) | 1.04 (1.01,1.07) | 0.005 |
| Stroke | 16,429 (11.9) | 4716 (17.1) | 11,713 (10.6) | 1.53 (1.47,1.59) | < 0.001 |
| Other cerebrovascular diseases | 21,754 (15.8) | 5670 (20.6) | 16,084 (14.6) | 1.32 (1.27,1.37) | < 0.001 |
| Atherosclerosis | 17,339 (12.6) | 3898 (14.2) | 13,441 (12.2) | Removed from model | 0.078 |
| Hypertension | 113,640 (82.6) | 22.978 (83.5) | 90,662 (82.3) | 0.92 (0.89,0.96) | < 0.001 |
| Renal impairment | 18,769 (13.6) | 4285 (15.6) | 14,484 (13.2) | 1.11 (1.06,1.15) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 70,373 (51.1) | 13,877 (50.4) | 56,496 (51.3) | 0.87 (0.84,0.89) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 27,567 (20.0) | 7257 (26.4) | 20,310 (18.4) | 1.50 (1.46,1.55) | < 0.001 |
| Polyarthritis | 5692 (4.1) | 1196 (4.3) | 4496 (4.1) | Removed from model | 0.73 |
Global test: Wald Χ2 = 2402.99, DF = 11, p < 0.001
aPolypharmacy means prescription of 5 or more different drugs (ATC codes) besides anti-hyperuricemic drugs in a quarter