Table 2.
Independent variables
| Demographic | Health-related | Gambling-related |
|---|---|---|
| 1. gender | 1. health status in past 12 months | 1. portion of friends and family that are regular gamblers |
| 2. age | 2. participation in extreme sports | 2. lottery purchase in the past 12 months |
| 3. race/ethnicity | 3. overall level of stress in the past 12 months | 3. daily lottery purchase in the past 12 months |
| 4. born in the United States | 4. current tobacco use | 4. instant lottery purchase in the past 12 months |
| 5. marital status | 5. alcohol use in the past 30 days | 5. raffle purchase in the past 12 months |
| 6. educational attainment | 6. binge drinking in the past 30 days | 6. sports betting in the past 12 months |
| 7. employment | 7. illicit drug use in the past 12 months | 7. bingo participation in the past 12 months |
| 8. household income | 8. drug or alcohol problems in the past 12 months | 8. horse race betting in the past 12 months |
| 9. military service | 9. behavioral addictions in the past 12 months (overeating, sex or pornography, shopping, exercise, Internet chat lines, etc.) | 9. private betting in the past 12 months |
| 10. geographic region of residence in Massachusetts | 10. serious mental health problems in the past 12 months | 10. casino gambling in the past 12 months |
| 11. rating of childhood happiness | 11. online gambling in the past 12 months |