Table 7.
Stepwise Logistic Regression Predicting for Problem and Pathological Gambling compared to Recreational Gambling after Controlling for Number of Gambling Formats Engaged In (n = 6,400)
| Odds Ratio & 95% C.I. | Wald Statistics | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of gambling formats engaged in | 2.22 (1.91, 2.57) | 112.6 | < .0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Other | 0.90 (0.32, 2.52) | 0.1 | .8959 |
| Hispanic | 0.65 (0.26, 1.62) | 0.9 | .1712 |
| Black | 4.69 (2.59, 8.50) | 26.3 | < .0001 |
| White | Reference group | Reference group | |
| Portion of friends and family regular gamblers | 2.07 (1.53, 2.79) | 22.8 | < .0001 |
| Raffles | |||
| No | 2.81 (1.76, 4.49) | 18.6 | < .0001 |
| Yes | Reference group | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 2.29 (1.52, 3.45) | 15.7 | < .0001 |
| Female | Reference group | ||
| Born in United States | |||
| No | 3.03 (1.73, 5.30) | 15.3 | < .0001 |
| Yes | Reference group | ||
| Education | |||
| Beyond Bachelor’s degree | Reference group | Reference group | |
| High school or less | 3.06 (1.57, 5.98) | 11.5 | < .0001 |
| Bachelor’s or some College | 1.23 (0.64, 2.36) | 0.5 | .2785 |
| Beyond Bachelor’s degree | Reference group | Reference group | |
| Behavioral Addictions | |||
| No | Reference group | 9.8 | < .0001 |
| Yes | 2.05 (1.30, 3.24) | ||
| Childhood Unhappiness | 1.37 (1.11, 1.70) | 8.5 | < .0001 |
| Poorer health status | 1.32 (1.08, 1.61) | 7.2 | < .0001 |
| Private betting | |||
| No | 2.17 (1.23, 3.85) | 7.1 | < .0001 |
| Yes | Reference group | ||