Table 3. Fermentation products and residual glucose after 24 hours of yeast growth and fermentation in YPG medium with and without a mycotoxin (mean value±S.D.).
| Mycotoxin | γ(mycotoxin)/µg/mL | γ/(mg/mL) | φ(ethanol)/% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Glycerol | Acetic acid | Formic acid | 2-Propanol | 12th hour | 24th hour | ||
|
S. cerevisiae (control) |
- | n.d. | 0.090±0.01 | 0.062±0.005 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.84±0.04 | 1.99±0.02 |
| AFB1 | 5.0 | n.d. | 0.099±0.04 | 0.090±0.006 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.81±0.02 | 1.91±0.01 |
| AFB1 | 2.5 | n.d. | 0.079±0.09 | 0.07±0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.76±0.03 | 1.993±0.009 |
| OTA | 4.0 | n.d. | 0.08±0.01 | 0.08±0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.76±0.05 | 1.97±0.01 |
| OTA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.07±0.015 | 0.06±0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.70±0.03 | 1.961±0.007 |
| ZEA | 20 | n.d. | 0.07±0.01 | 0.077±0.009 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.73±0.01 | 1.97±0.02 |
| ZEA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.08±0.01 | 0.067±0.009 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.76±0.02 | 1.99±0.02 |
|
S. uvarum (control) |
- | n.d. | 0.12±0.02 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.057±0.005 | n.d. | 0.72±0.02 | 1.923±0.004 |
| AFB1 | 5.0 | n.d. | 0.12±0.01 | 0.20±0.02 | 0.063±0.003 | n.d. | 0.67±0.03 | 1.925±0.009 |
| AFB1 | 2.5 | n.d. | 0.121±0.004 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.057±0.006 | n.d. | 0.68±0.03 | 1.92±0.01 |
| OTA | 4.0 | n.d. | 0.10±0.02 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.058±0.008 | n.d. | 0.58±0.01 | 1.92±0.02 |
| OTA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.08±0.03 | 0.10±0.03 | 0.062±0.003 | n.d. | 0.62±0.02 | 1.92±0.01 |
| ZEA | 20 | n.d. | 0.121±0.006 | 0.13±0.02 | 0.06±0.01 | n.d. | 0.58±0.03 | 1.861±0.009 |
| ZEA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.10±0.01 | 0.21±0.03 | 0.054±0.002 | n.d. | 0.57±0.03 | 1.910±0.008 |
|
C. utilis (control) |
- | n.d. | 0.273±0.001 | 0.08±0.008 | 0.09±0.02 | n.d. | 0.99±0.02 | 2.22±0.01 |
| AFB1 | 5.0 | n.d. | 0.267±0.008 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.07±0.01 | n.d. | 0.80±0.02 | 2.22±0.01 |
| AFB1 | 2.5 | n.d. | 0.258±0.007 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.09±0.01 | n.d. | 0.82±0.01 | 2.24±0.02 |
| OTA | 4.0 | n.d. | 0.25±0.01 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.095±0.009 | n.d. | 0.74±0.01 | 2.24±0.02 |
| OTA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.22±0.02 | 0.23±0.03 | 0.08±0.01 | n.d. | 0.77±0.01 | 2.16±0.01 |
| ZEA | 20 | 0.56±0.03 | 0.221±0.005 | 0.14±0.01 | 0.073±0.002 | n.d. | 0.48±0.02 | 2.00±0.02 |
| ZEA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.265±0.008 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.079±0.007 | n.d. | 0.77±0.02 | 2.174±0.007 |
|
K. marxianus (control) |
- | n.d. | 0.062±0.005 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.074±0.009 | n.d. | 1.602±0.008 | 1.952±0.007 |
| AFB1 | 5.0 | n.d. | 0.15±0.03 | 0.08±0.02 | 0.06±0.01 | n.d. | 1.54±0.01 | 1.94±0.01 |
| AFB1 | 2.5 | n.d. | 0.13±0.02 | 0.11±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | n.d. | 1.50±0.01 | 1.98±0.02 |
| OTA | 4.0 | n.d. | 0.09±0.02 | 0.10±0.02 | 0.083±0.009 | 0.058±0.016 | 1.32±0.03 | 1.94±0.01 |
| OTA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.08±0.01 | 0.097±0.007 | 0.057±0.008 | n.d. | 1.529±0.009 | 1.948±0.008 |
| ZEA | 20 | n.d. | 0.09±0.01 | 0.12±0.02 | 0.06±0.01 | 0.039±0.010 | 1.41±0.02 | 1.929±0.004 |
| ZEA | 2.0 | n.d. | 0.11±0.02 | 0.093±0.009 | 0.06±0.02 | n.d. | 1.50±0.03 | 1.880±0.007 |
n.d.=not detected, S.D.=standard deviation of triplicate measurements, YPG=yeast extract-peptone-glucose, AFB1=aflatoxin B1, OTA=ochratoxin A, ZEA=zearalenon