Figure 4.

Schematic of (A) venovenous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO₂R) and (B) pumpless arteriovenous ECCO₂R, typically used for hypercapnic respiratory failure or lung protection during hypoxemic respiratory failure, showing common cannulation configurations and direction of blood flow. A_f-V_f = femoral arterial drainage to femoral venous return; AV = arteriovenous; (dl) V_j-V = dual-lumen jugular venous drainage to venous return; F_SO₂ = sweep gas inlet oxygen fraction; VV = venovenous. Modified from Figure 1 in Reference 11. Illustration by Jacqueline Schaffer.