Table 2.
Selected Characteristics of Participants in the Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Markers of Adenomatous Polyps Case-Control Studies of Incident, Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas, United States, 1991–2002a
| Characteristics | CPRU | MAP | Pooled | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Patients (n = 318) | Control Subjects (n = 360) | Case Patient Subjects (n = 100) | Control Subjects (n = 164) | Case Patients (n = 418) | Control Subjects (n = 524) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |
| Age, years | 58.0 (9.8) | 52.9 (11.0) | 56.8 (7.8) | 55.9 (8.9) | 57.7 (9.3) | 53.9 (10.5) | ||||||
| Male sex | 63 | 37b | 52 | 43 | 61 | 39b | ||||||
| 25(OH)D3 concentration, ng/mL | ||||||||||||
| Unadjusted | 24.1 (9.3) | 24.8 (10.6) | 26.0 (12.3) | 27.1 (11.0) | 24.5 (10.1) | 25.5 (10.7) | ||||||
| Seasonally adjusted | 24.6 (9.2) | 24.8 (10.1) | 25.7 (11.7) | 27.1 (10.7) | 24.9 (9.8) | 25.5 (10.3) | ||||||
| Season of blood sampling | ||||||||||||
| Winter | 28 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 25 | 20b | ||||||
| Spring | 30 | 30 | 35 | 41 | 31 | 33 | ||||||
| Summer | 25 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 25 | 27 | ||||||
| Fall | 17 | 22 | 21 | 16 | 18 | 20 | ||||||
| Family history of colorectal cancerc | 15 | 29b | 18 | 26 | 16 | 28 | ||||||
| Physical activity, MET-hours/week | 261 (272) | 238 (232) | 185 (141) | 179 (123) | 243 (250) | 219 (207) | ||||||
| Body mass indexd | 27.3 (4.7) | 27.1 (5.1) | 28.2 (6.7) | 27.9 (6.1) | 27.5 (5.3) | 27.3 (5.5) | ||||||
| Postmenopausal womene | 79 | 69 | 78 | 84 | 78 | 73 | ||||||
| Hormone replacement therapy usef | 41 | 66b | 74 | 73 | 50 | 68b | ||||||
| Regular NSAID or aspirin use, At least once per week | 38 | 48b | 52 | 60 | 41 | 52b | ||||||
| Current smoker | 21 | 16b | 31 | 9b | 23 | 14b | ||||||
| Dietary intake, per day | ||||||||||||
| Total energy, kcal | 1,991 (685) | 2,120 (822) | 1,939 (739) | 1,773 (936) | 2,077 (806) | 1,924 (777) | ||||||
| Vitamin D, IUg | 336 (264) | 313 (235) | 356 (271) | 347 (298) | 341 (265) | 324 (257) | ||||||
| Calcium, mgg | 982 (562) | 960 (509) | 841 (434) | 901 (506) | 949 (537) | 942 (509) | ||||||
| Total fat, g | 74.2 (35.2) | 68.0 (28.5)b | 71.6 (34.7) | 65.0 (41.6) | 73.5 (35.1) | 67.1 (33.0) | ||||||
| Alcohol, g | 10.3 (16.4) | 6.7 (14.0)b | 5.9 (11.9) | 4.9 (10.2) | 9.3 (15.6) | 6.1 (12.9) | ||||||
| Dietary fiber, g | 22.0 (10.2) | 21.6 (9.6) | 20.9 (10.2) | 19.5 (10.4) | 21.7 (10.2) | 20.6 (10.0) | ||||||
| Fruit, servings | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.5 (1.8) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.7) | ||||||
| Vegetables, servings | 3.6 (2.3) | 3.7 (2.5) | 3.7 (2.7) | 3.0 (2.1) | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.4) | ||||||
| Red and processed meats, servings | 4.9 (3.4) | 4.6 (3.6) | 4.8 (4.2) | 5.4 (9.35) | 4.8 (3.6) | 4.9 (6.0) | ||||||
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; CPRU, Cancer Prevention Research Unit; MAP, Markers of Adenomatous Polyps; MET, metabolic equivalents of task; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation.
a Limited to white persons genotyped for GC single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 942).
bP < 0.05 for comparison with adenoma case patients by Fisher exact test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables.
c In a first-degree relative.
d Calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2.
en = 485.
f Calculated among postmenopausal women only (n = 358).
g From dietary and supplements intake.