Table S1.
Subject characteristics according to the presence of OLD
| Variables | Non-OLD group | OLD group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted number, n (%) | 10,459 (89.1) | 1,279 (10.9) | |
| Estimated population, n (%) | 21,433,227 (91.1) | 2,113,864 (8.9) | |
| Age (years), % | 46.08 (45.47–46.70) | 64.25 (63.03–65.47) | <0.001 |
| 20–39 | 35.7 (33.9–37.6) | 5.1 (3.3–7.9) | <0.001 |
| 40–59 | 43.2 (41.6–44.9) | 25.5 (22.2–29.1) | <0.001 |
| 60+ | 21.0 (19.8–22.3) | 69.4 (65.5–73.1) | <0.001 |
| Sex (male), % | 37.2 (35.8–38.6) | 63.3 (59.1–67.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.18 (24.09–24.29) | 23.36 (23.10–23.63) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, % | |||
| Non-smoker | 64.7 (63.3–66.0) | 37.2 (33.2–41.4) | <0.001 |
| Ex-smoker | 3.3 (2.9–3.8) | 11.8 (9.4–14.8) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 32.0 (30.7–33.5) | 51.0 (46.4–55.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking history (PYRs) | 16.83 (15.78–17.87) | 27.80 (25.23–30.38) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 29.9 (28.4–31.3) | 46.7 (42.6–50.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 7.9 (7.2–8.7) | 15.3 (12.7–18.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 26.2 (24.9–27.5) | 47.8 (43.9–51.8) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary function test | |||
| FVC (L) | 3.56 (3.53–3.59) | 3.34 (63.03–65.47) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.91 (2.88–2.93) | 2.12 (2.06–2.17) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (%) | 93.73 (93.36–94.11) | 76.06 (74.88–77.23) | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.82 (0.81–0.82) | 0.63 (0.63–0.64) | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.94 (21.57–22.31) | 22.80 (22.21–23.38) | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.57 (22.01–23.14) | 20.60 (19.77–21.43) | <0.001 |
| LFSa | −1.10 (−1.15 to −1.05) | −0.98 (−1.13 to −0.82) | <0.001 |
| NAFLD, % | 30.0 (28.6–31.3) | 33.7 (30–37.6) | 0.060 |
Notes: Values are presented as percentage and mean (95% CI) unless otherwise specified.
a
LFS = 22.89 + 1.18 × metabolic syndrome + 0.45 × diabetes + 0.15 × fasting insulin + 0.04 × AST (IU/l) + 0.94 × AST/ALT ratio. OLD is defined as FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7.
Abbreviations: OLD, obstructive lung disease; BMI, Body Mass Index; PYRs, pack years; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LFS, liver fat score; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; CI, confidence interval.