Table 3. Associations of serum K, rs5215, and rs5219 with incident diabetes in 11,812 ARIC-JHS participants, overall and by race.
| Minimally Adjusted, Model 1 | Overall | P-value | Whites | P- value |
Blacks | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum K (mmol/L) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| 2.5 ≤ K < 4.1 | 1.39 (1.23, 1.57) | 0.000 | 1.36 (1.17, 1.58) | 0.000 | 1.37 (1.08, 1.75) | 0.010 |
| 4.1 ≤ K < 4.4 | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | 0.004 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.012 | 1.17 (0.91, 1.49) | 0.217 |
| 4.4 ≤ K < 4.7 | 1.12 (1, 1.25) | 0.059 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.021 | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.827 |
| 4.7 ≤ K ≤ 5.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |||
| rs5215 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.563 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.794 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.386 |
| rs5219 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.732 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.702 | 1.02 (0.82, 1.25) | 0.887 |
| Minimally Adjusted, Model 2 with both K and SNP | ||||||
| Serum K (mmol/L) | ||||||
| 2.5 ≤ K < 4.1 | 1.39 (1.23, 1.57) | 0.000 | 1.36 (1.17, 1.58) | 0.000 | 1.37 (1.08, 1.75) | 0.010 |
| 4.1 ≤ K < 4.4 | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | 0.004 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.012 | 1.17 (0.91, 1.49) | 0.216 |
| 4.4 ≤ K < 4.7 | 1.12 (1, 1.25) | 0.060 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.022 | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.823 |
| 4.7 ≤ K ≤ 5.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |||
| rs5215 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.569 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.810 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.382 |
| Serum K (mmol/L) | ||||||
| 2.5 ≤ K < 4.1 | 1.39 (1.23, 1.57) | 0.000 | 1.36 (1.17, 1.58) | 0.000 | 1.37 (1.08, 1.75) | 0.010 |
| 4.1 ≤ K < 4.4 | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | 0.004 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.012 | 1.17 (0.91, 1.48) | 0.217 |
| 4.4 ≤ K < 4.7 | 1.12 (1, 1.25) | 0.060 | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.022 | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.828 |
| 4.7 ≤ K ≤ 5.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |||
| rs5219 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 0.751 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.715 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 0.828 |
| Fully Adjusted, Model 3 | ||||||
| Serum K (mmol/L) | ||||||
| 2.5 ≤ K < 4.1 | 1.21 (1.05, 1.4) | 0.008 | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 0.062 | 1.2 (0.92, 1.58) | 0.187 |
| 4.1 ≤ K < 4.4 | 1.3 (1.15, 1.47) | 0.000 | 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) | 0.002 | 1.29 (0.99, 1.68) | 0.063 |
| 4.4 ≤ K < 4.7 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.3) | 0.033 | 1.15 (1, 1.32) | 0.046 | 1 (0.75, 1.34) | 0.997 |
| 4.7 ≤ K ≤ 5.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |||
| rs5215 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.843 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.1) | 0.663 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.15) | 0.511 |
| rs5219 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.1) | 0.590 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.741 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 0.520 |
| Fully Adjusted, Model 4 with both K and SNP | ||||||
| Serum K (mmol/L) | ||||||
| 2.5 ≤ K < 4.1 | 1.21 (1.05, 1.4) | 0.008 | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 0.062 | 1.2 (0.92, 1.57) | 0.187 |
| 4.1 ≤ K < 4.4 | 1.3 (1.15, 1.47) | 0.000 | 1.25 (1.09, 1.45) | 0.002 | 1.29 (0.99, 1.68) | 0.063 |
| 4.4 ≤ K < 4.7 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.3) | 0.033 | 1.15 (1, 1.32) | 0.045 | 1 (0.75, 1.34) | 1.000 |
| 4.7 ≤ K ≤ 5.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |||
| rs5215 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.819 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.1) | 0.638 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | 0.505 |
| 2.5 ≤ K < 4.1 | 1.21 (1.05, 1.4) | 0.008 | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 0.062 | 1.2 (0.92, 1.58) | 0.183 |
| 4.1 ≤ K < 4.4 | 1.3 (1.15, 1.47) | 0.000 | 1.25 (1.09, 1.45) | 0.002 | 1.29 (0.99, 1.68) | 0.063 |
| 4.4 ≤ K < 4.7 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.3) | 0.032 | 1.15 (1, 1.32) | 0.045 | 1 (0.75, 1.34) | 0.998 |
| 4.7 ≤ K ≤ 5.5 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |||
| rs5219 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.1) | 0.571 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.1) | 0.717 | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 0.509 |
Model 1- adjusted for age, sex, race (overall only), SNPs and serum K analyzed in separate models
Model 2- adjusted for age, sex, race (overall only), SNP (rs5215 or rs5219), K
Model 3- adjusted for age, sex, race (overall only), BMI, systolic blood pressure, presence of hypertension, use of ABD medications, serum creatinine, serum sodium, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, parental history of diabetes mellitus, physical activity, income, SNPs and serum K analyzed in separate models
Model 4- adjusted for age, sex, race (overall only), BMI, systolic blood pressure, presence of hypertension, use of ABD medications, serum creatinine, serum sodium, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, parental history of diabetes mellitus, physical activity, income, SNP (rs5215 or rs5219), K