Table 2:

Pooled effects of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure by baseline alcohol consumption

	Total		MD (95% CI) mm Hg
	Number of trials*	Number of participants	Number of trials	≤2 drinks per day	Number of trials	3 drinks per day	Number of trials	4–5 drinks per day	Number of trials	≥6 drinks per day
Systolic blood pressure
All trials	34	2850	5	−0·18 (−1·02 to 0·66)	9	−1.18 (−2.32 to −0.04)	12	−3.00 (−3.98 to 2.03)	10	−5.50 (−6.70 to 4.30)
Men only	21	1413	0	··	4	−1.59 (−4.60 to −1.42)	11	−3.04 (−4.07 to 2.02)	7	−5.26 (−6.79 to 3.73)
Women only	3	113	2	−0·23 (−1·12 to 0·66)	1	−2.00 (−3.18 to −0.82)	1	−2.24 (−5.90 to 1.42)	0	··
Hypertension only	11	663	0	··	2	−2.33 (−5.37 to 0.42)	5	−3.10 (−5.37 to 0.84)	5	−4.85 (−6.84 to 2.86)
Hypertension mixed	9	1817	2	−1·10 (−8·33 to 6·13)	2	−1.11 (−2.31 to 0.09)	2	−4.76 (−6.76 to 2.77)	3	−5.31 (−6.63 to 3.99)
Hypertension normo	15	602	3	−0·14 (−1·00 to 0·72)	6	−0.85 (−2.66 to 0.96)	5	−2.02 (−2.68 to 1.35)	3	−6.55 (−8.42 to 4.68)
Healthy	15	1668	1	−0·40 (−1·58 to 0·78)	6	−0.55 (−2.41 to 1.32)	6	−2.26 (−3.04 to 1.48)	3	−5.11 (−6.29 to 3.94)
High CVD risk	16	1005	4	0·06 (−1·35 to 1·47)	3	−1.90 (−3.59 to −0.22)	6	−3.54 (−5.35 to 1.73)	4	−5.19 (−9.06 to 1.32)
High quality	11	2264	3	−0·02 (−3·79 to 3 75)	1	−2.00 (−6.73 to 2.73)	4	−4.17 (−5.46 to 2.88)	5	−5.06 (−6.60 to 3.52)
Crossover	22	688	2	−0·23 (−1·12 to 0·66)	8	−1.36 (−2.48 to −0.24)	9	−2.77 (−3.83 to 1.71)	5	−4.79 (−7.73 to 1.86)
Parallel-group	12	2162	3	−0·02 (−3·79 to 3 75)	1	2.00 (−2.39 to 6.39)	3	−4.19 (−5.94 to 2.44)	5	−5.73 (−7.07 to 4.40)
Office	24	2478	3	−0.36 (−3·06 to 2·35)	6	−0.81 (−3.15 to 1.52)	8	−4.11 (−4.99 to 3.24)	7	−5.62 (−6.78 to 4.46)
24 h	10	372	2	−0·24 (−1·34 to 0·87)	3	−1.55 (−2.39 to 0.72)	4	−1.74 (−2.62 to 0.86)	3	−4.45 (−9.65 to 0.74)
Weeks 1 to <3	6	125	0	··	1	0.00 (−7.01 to 7.01)	4	−1.88 (−4.00 to 0.24)	1	−7.00 (−11.05 to 2.95)
Weeks ≥3 to <10	20	888	2	−0.24 (−1.34 to 0·87)	8	−1.21 (−2.42 to 0.00)	7	−3.16 (−4.33 to 1.99)	5	−4.52 (−7.31 to 1.72)
Weeks ≥10	8	1837	3	−0.36 (−3.06 to 2·35)	0	··	1	−4.80 (−7.30 to 2.30)	4	−5.79 (−7.24 to 4.34)
Diastolic blood pressure
All trials	32	2210	5	0·61 (−0.04 to 1·26)	7	−1.09 (−1.61 to 0.57)	13	−1.88 (−2.62 to 1.15)	9	−3.97 (−4.70 to 3.25)
Men only	19	773	0	··	2	−1.99 (−3.93 to −0.04)	11	−1.97 (−2.72 to 1.21)	6	−4.04 (−5.51 to 2.57)
Women only	3	113	2	0·87 (−0.70 to 2·44)	1	−1.20 (−1.98 to 0.42)	1	0.10 (−3.10 to 3.30)	0	··
Hypertension only	11	704	0	··	1	−1.00 (−3.77 to 1.77)	5	−2.29 (−3.75 to 0.82)	5	−3.61 (−4.20 to 3.01)
Hypertension mixed	8	1176	2	0·89 (−0.96 to 2.74)	2	−0.71 (−1.52 to 0.10)	2	−2.48 (−3.84 to 1.13)	2	−3.67 (−4.70 to 2.65)
Hypertension normo	15	562	3	0.73 (−0.21 to 1.66)	5	−1.31 (−2.04 to 0.63)	5	−1.32 (−2.12 to 0.53)	3	−4.91 (−7.36 to 2.45)
Healthy	13	987	1	0.30 (−0.48 to 1.08)	5	−1.28 (−2.00 to 0.56)	6	−1.38 (−2.06 to 0.70)	2	−3.54 (−4.31 to 2.78)
High CVD risk	16	1046	4	1.30 (0.14 to 2.47)	2	−1.01 (−2.11 to 0.08)	6	−2.58 (−3.74 to 1.42)	4	−3.91 (−5.03 to 2.79)
High quality	10	1583	3	0.98 (−0.43 to 2.39)	0	··	4	−2.50 (−3.42 to 1.57)	3	−3.69 (−4.40 to 2.98)
Crossover	20	648	2	0.87 (−0.70 to 2.44)	6	−1.04 (−1.57 to 0.50)	9	−1.84 (−2.70 to 0.97)	4	−4.13 (−6.33 to 1.94)
Parallel-group	12	1562	3	0.98 (−0.43 to 2.39)	1	−2.22 (−4.66 to 0.22)	3	−2.04 (−3.61 to 0.46)	5	−3.79 (−4.46 to 3.11)
Office	23	1893	3	1.38 (0.00 to 2.77)	5	−1.85 (−3.21 to 0.50)	9	−2.32 (−2.93 to 1.71)	7	−3.67 (−4.21 to 3.13)
24 h	8	317	2	0.39 (−0.34 to 1.13)	2	−0.96 (−1.52 to 0.39)	3	−0.67 (−1.34 to 0.01)	2	−4.95 (−9.95 to 0.06)
Weeks 1 to <3	6	125	0	··	1	−1.00 (−4.16 to 2.16)	4	−1.71 (−3.56 to 0.14)	1	−1.00 (−8.40 to 6.40)
Weeks ≥3 to <10	19	889	2	0.39 (−0.34 to 1.13)	6	−1.09 (−1.62 to 0.57)	7	−1.73 (−2.57 to 0.89)	5	−4.15 (−5.70 to 2.61)
Weeks ≥10	7	1196	3	1.38 (0.00 to 2.77)	0	··	1	−3.30 (−5.25 to 1.35)	3	−3.92 (−4.79 to 3.05)

1 drink=12 g pure alcohol. CVD=cardiovascular disease. *Might not add up because some trials reported results for more than one drinking group.