Figure 1. Differential polarization of PT-specific CD4⁺ T cells as a function of childhood vaccination.

IFN-γ–, IL-4–, and IL-17–secreting cells were measured by ICS staining in PT- (A) or CMV/EBV-specific (B) CD4⁺ T cells by AIM₂₅ assay. Responses represent the cohorts of donors originally DTaP or DTwP vaccinated, 1 to 3 months after Tdap-boosting vaccination. Each dot represents the number of total CD4⁺ T cells that were ascribed to each cytokine. For all panels, data are expressed as median ± the interquartile range for each cohort and each data point represent a single donor (n = 23 for each cohort). P value is shown as statistically significant by 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test.