Table 1.

Radiocarbon dates for the Cardial culture in Iberia (9, 10, 26–38)

Site name	Site type	Provenience	Sample	Lab number	Date BP	Cal B.C. 1σ	Cal B.C. 2σ
Caldeirão	Cave	Layer Eb	Wood charcoal	ICEN-296	6870  ± 210	5970–5570	6120–5370
		Horizon NA2	Ovis aries bone	OxA-1035	6330  ± 80	5348–5231	5480–5079
		Horizon NA2	Ovis aries bone	OxA-1034	6230  ± 80	5302–5072	5340–4940
		Horizon NA2	Human bone	OxA-1033	6130  ± 90	5226–4941	5296–4843
Pena d'Água	Rock-shelter	Layer Eb (base)	Olea sp. charcoal	Wk-9214	6775  ± 60	5724–5625	5766–5561
		Layer Eb (base)	Wood charcoal	ICEN-1146	6390  ± 150	5467–5215	5579–4993
Almonda	Cave	Cisterna-AMD2, level 1	Pierced Cervus elaphus canine	OxA-9287	6445  ± 45	5473–5369	5477–5321
		Cisterna-AMD2, level 1	Bone bead	OxA-9288	6445  ± 45	5473–5369	5477–5321
Cabranosa	Open air	Neolithic hearth	Mytilus sp. shells	Sac-1321*	6930  ± 60	5563–5389	5579–5325
Padrão	Open air	Hearth	Tapes decussata shells	ICEN-873*	6920  ± 60	5521–5386	5577–5318
		Hearth	Cerastoderma edule shells	ICEN-645*	6800  ± 50	5432–5278	5442–5255
Margineda	Cave	Level 3b base	Wood charcoal	Ly-2839	6670  ± 120	5627–5443	5725–5336
		Level 3b	Wood charcoal	Ly-3289	6850  ± 150	5839–5583	5977–5443
		Level 3a	Wood charcoal	Ly-3288	6640  ± 160	5633–5389	5773–5263
Chaves	Cave	Level I	Wood charcoal	GRN-12685	6770  ± 70	5680–5582	5726–5523
		Level I	Wood charcoal	GRN-12683	6650  ± 80	5593–5446	5662–5433
		Level I	Wood charcoal	CSIC-378	6460  ± 70	5440–5312	5521–5262
		Level I	Wood charcoal	GRN-12686	5210  ± 340†	Unacceptable, too young
La Draga	Open air	Hearth E-6	Wood charcoal	GAK-1523†	5710  ± 170	4772–4357	4940–4175
		Hearth E-6	Wood charcoal	UBAR-245†	5920  ± 240	5194–4498	5366–4259
		Hearth E-40	Wood charcoal	UBAR-311†	5970  ± 110	4960–4718	5208–4552
		Hearth E-50	Wood charcoal	UBAR-312†	6570  ± 460	5929–5005	6360–4466
		Garbage disposal in H-30	Animal bone	UBAR-315†	6700  ± 710	6190–4854	7042–4046
		Post E-106	Quercus wood	UBAR-314	6410  ± 70	5432–5269	5444–5228
		Hearth E-56	Cereal seeds	UBAR-313	6010  ± 70	4951–4806	5065–4729
		Hearth E-3	Cereal seeds	Hd-15451	6060  ± 40	5031–4914	5061–4845
Frare	Cave	T22–23, level 5c	Wood charcoal	I-13030	6380  ± 310	5579–4946	5839–4594
Cendres	Cave	H19	Single Pinus nigra fleck	Beta-116625†	20430  ± 170	Unacceptable, too old
		H19a	Single Quercus fleck	Beta-116624†	8310  ± 80	Unacceptable, too old
		VIe	Wood charcoal, contaminants included	Ly-4302†	7540  ± 140	Unacceptable, too old
		VII	Wood charcoal, contaminants excluded	Beta-75220	6730  ± 80	5662–5526	5712–5446
		H18	Wood charcoal, contaminants excluded	Beta-75219	6420  ± 80	5435–5269	5470–5225
		H17, fireplace	Wood charcoal	Beta-75218	6260  ± 80	5270–5076	5370–4990
		Estrato VII	Hordeum vulgare	Beta-142228	6340  ± 70	5457–5262	5474–5081
		VIIa	Ovis aries bone	Beta-107405	6280  ± 80	5280–5086	5416–5049
Or	Cave	J4, Levels 16–17	Wood charcoal	GANOP-C13	6720  ± 380	5956–5270	6356–4837
		J4, levels 14–15	Wood charcoal	GANOP-C12	6630  ± 290	5733–5270	6009–4938
		Basal Cardial (1955–58)	Cereal seeds	KN-51	6510  ± 160	5618–5318	5722–5079
		J4, level 17	Triticum aestivum	OxA-10192	6310  ± 70	5359–5153	5469–5067
		Upper Cardial (1955–58)	Cereal seeds	H-1754/1208	6265  ± 75	5316–5079	5459–5036
		J4, level 14	Triticum aestivum	OxA-10191	6275  ± 70	5317–5083	5459–5048
La Falguera	Rock shelter	EU 2051b	Triticum monococcum	Beta-142289	6510  ± 70	5512–5381	5616–5321
El Retamar	Open air		Marine shells	Beta-90122*	6780  ± 80	5434–5259	5470–5143

^*Calibrated after subtraction of 380 ± 30 years for correction of the reservoir effect (1, 2). 

^† Not included in Fig. 4 because the result is unacceptable, or the large standard deviation makes its representation redundant or irrelevant in regard to other samples from the same site.