Table 1.
Characteristics of individuals by chronotype.
| Full Sample | Definite Morning Type | Moderate Morning Type | Moderate Evening Type | Definite Evening Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 433,268 | 117,224 (27.1%) | 153,895 (35.5%) | 123,282 (28.5%) | 38,867 (9.0%) |
| Age (years; mean, SD)* | 56.5 (8.1) | 57.4 (7.8) | 56.8 (8.0) | 55.8 (8.3) | 55.1 (8.3) |
| 37-52 years (%) | 32.3% | 27.9% | 30.8% | 36.1% | 39.6% |
| 53-62 years (%) | 39.6% | 40.8% | 40.6% | 38.0% | 37.6% |
| 63-73 years (%) | 28.1% | 31.2% | 28.7% | 25.9% | 22.8% |
| Female (%)* | 55.7% | 56.5% | 56.2% | 55.2% | 53.3% |
| White ethnicity (%)* | 94.6% | 93.1% | 95.6% | 95.0% | 93.7% |
| Smoking Status (%)* | 89.4% | 91.1% | 91.9% | 87.1% | 81.3% |
| Never | 54.4% | 57.0% | 57.0% | 51.3% | 45.6% |
| Previous | 34.7% | 33.8% | 34.6% | 35.6% | 35.4% |
| Current | 10.6% | 8.8% | 8.1% | 12.9% | 18.6% |
| No answer | 0.3% | 0.42% | 0.28% | 0.29% | 0.29% |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2; mean, SD)* | 27.4 (4.8) | 27.6 (4.8) | 27.2 (4.6) | 27.5 (4.8) | 27.9 (5.2) |
| Sleep Duration (hours; mean, SD)* | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.0) | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.1 (1.2) |
| Prevalent Comorbidities: | |||||
| CVD* | 36.2% | 38.4% | 35.5% | 35.2% | 36.1% |
| Diabetes* | 5.0% | 5.4% | 4.4% | 4.9% | 6.2% |
| Neurological* | 9.4% | 9.0% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 10.8% |
| Endocrine* | 6.3% | 6.4% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 6.7% |
| Renal* | 4.6% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.4% | 4.6% |
| Respiratory* | 16.2% | 16.1% | 15.2% | 16.5% | 18.9% |
| Musculoskeletal* | 21.5% | 22.1% | 20.9% | 21.5% | 22.3% |
| Gastrointestinal/abdominal* | 14.6% | 14.3% | 14.1% | 15.1% | 16.0% |
| Psychological* | 7.4% | 6.1% | 6.5% | 8.6% | 11.2% |
*
p<.001 per ANOVA or Chi-square tests