Table 3.
Risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine in a population-based, case-control study of pancreatic cancer in Minnesota, 1994–1998
| Nutrients | Quartile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | p-trend | |
| Dietary folate | |||||
| Median (μg/day) | 195 | 288 | 375 | 500 | |
| Cases/controls | 54/115 | 34/115 | 38/115 | 24/114 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.38–1.04) | 0.70 (0.43–1.14) | 0.49 (0.26–0.77) | 0.007 |
| Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.38–1.15) | 0.89 (0.52–1.52) | 0.42 (0.21–0.79) | 0.026 |
| Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 0.77 (0.40–1.49) | 0.31 (0.12–0.78) | 0.036 |
| Total folate | |||||
| Median (μg/day) | 230 | 357 | 529 | 790 | |
| Cases/controls | 52/115 | 34/115 | 25/115 | 39/114 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.39–1.08) | 0.48 (0.28–0.82) | 0.76 (0.46–1.23) | 0.28 |
| Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.39–1.16) | 0.45 (0.24–0.84) | 0.71 (0.41–1.24) | 0.21 |
| Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.38–1.22) | 0.47 (0.23–0.90) | 0.73 (0.38–1.37) | 0.37 |
| Dietary vitamin B6 | |||||
| Median (mg/day) | 1.38 | 2.04 | 2.53 | 3.36 | |
| Cases/controls | 52/115 | 34/115 | 34/115 | 30/114 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.39–1.08) | 0.65 (0.39–1.08) | 0.58 (0.34–0.97) | 0.043 |
| Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.58 (0.33–1.02) | 0.64 (0.36–1.11) | 0.57 (0.32–1.02) | 0.066 |
| Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.31–1.03) | 0.61 (0.31–1.19) | 0.47 (0.19–1.17) | 0.10 |
| Total vitamin B6 | |||||
| Median (mg/day) | 1.62 | 2.65 | 3.94 | 7.20 | |
| Cases/controls | 52/116 | 33/116 | 30/113 | 35/114 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.64 (0.38–1.05) | 0.59 (0.35–0.99) | 0.69 (0.41–1.13) | 0.26 |
| Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.38–1.15) | 0.57 (0.32–1.01) | 0.66 (0.37–1.17) | 0.21 |
| Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.37–1.22) | 0.56 (0.29–1.10) | 0.66 (0.34–1.24) | 0.32 |
| Dietary vitamin B12 | |||||
| Median (μg/day) | 2.7 | 4.4 | 6.6 | 12.2 | |
| Cases/controls | 32/115 | 39/116 | 33/115 | 46/113 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.71–2.07) | 1.03 (0.59–1.79) | 1.46 (0.87–2.48) | 0.17 |
| OR2 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.26 (0.69–2.33) | 1.32 (0.72–2.47) | 1.42 (0.78–2.60) | 0.32 |
| OR3 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.74–2.59) | 1.62 (0.83–3.19) | 2.03 (0.98–4.26) | 0.080 |
| Total vitamin B12 | |||||
| Median (μg/day) | 3.6 | 6.2 | 10.0 | 17.8 | |
| Cases/controls | 37/115 | 32/115 | 28/115 | 53/114 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.50–1.48) | 0.76 (0.43–1.32) | 1.45 (0.89–2.38) | 0.058 |
| Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.64–2.08) | 0.78 (0.41–1.46) | 1.38 (0.79–2.44) | 0.30 |
| Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.65–2.16) | 0.90 (0.46–1.73) | 1.66 (0.89–3.15) | 0.10 |
| Methionine | |||||
| Median (g/day) | 1.10 | 1.55 | 2.05 | 2.78 | |
| Cases/control | 42/118 | 36/113 | 37/114 | 35/114 | |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.53–1.50) | 0.91 (0.55–1.52) | 0.86 (0.51–1.45) | 0.61 |
| Adjusted OR1 (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.60–1.85) | 1.01 (0.57–1.77) | 0.82 (0.45–1.48) | 0.48 |
| Adjusted OR2 (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.61–2.05) | 1.14 (0.58–2.26) | 0.91 (0.37–2.27) | 0.87 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and total physical activity.
b
Additionally adjusted for intake of energy, total fat, fiber, vegetables, and fruits.