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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Struct Funct. 2018 May 11;223(7):3011–3043. doi: 10.1007/s00429-018-1678-1

Table 6.

Biophysical properties of two-photon–suitable functional probes : peak wavelength of two-photon action cross-section (λ2PA) ; peak two-photon action cross-section (σ2φ) ; peak wavelength of molecular brightness (λε_max) ; peak molecular brightness (εmax) ; fluorescence wavelength (λfluo). Probes discussed in the text are in bold.

Probe λ2PA [nm] σ2φ [GM] λ ε max [nm] εmax [kcpsm] λfluo [nm] Comment Reference
Calcium indicators
ACa1 (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) – / 780 – / 110 498 / 498 Figure 2A in (Kim et al. 2008a)
ACa2 (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) – / 780 – / 90 495 / 495 Figure 2A in (Kim et al. 2008a)
ACa3 (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) – / 780 – / 95 500 / 517 Figure 2A in (Kim et al. 2008a)
ACaL (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) – / 780 – / 90 500 / 502 Figure 1B in (Mohan et al. 2009)
ACaLN (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) – / 750 – / 20 494 / 497 – (Table 1) (Lim et al. 2011a)
BCaM (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) – / 780 – / 150 470 / 470 Figure 1C in (Kim et al. 2010a)
Cal-590 1050 590 Figure 1B in (Tischbirek et al. 2015)
Calcium Crimson (+Ca2+) 870 95 615b *
Calcium Green (+Ca2+) 820, 960 46, 57 531b *
Calcium Orange (+Ca2+) 820 60 576b *
CaRuby-Cl 912 604 Figure 5 in (Collot et al. 2012)
CaRuby-F 917 604 Figure 5 in (Collot et al. 2012)
CaRuby-Me 917 604 Figure 5 in (Collot et al. 2012)
Fluo-3 810 13 520-530 (Svoboda and Yasuda 2006) *
Fluo-4 810 800, 930 ~6, ~6 520-530 (Yasuda et al. 2004) Figure 4 in (Mütze et al. 2012)
Fluo-4FF 810 516b – (Yasuda et al. 2004)
Fluo-5F 810 516b – (Sabatini et al. 2002)
Fluo-8 930, 1000 ~4 514b Figure 4 in (Mütze et al. 2012)
Fura-2 +Ca2+) 780 ~35 505 (Cahalan et al. 2002) Figure 1B in (Mohan et al. 2009)
GCaMP2 950 ~6 511 (Tallini et al. 2006) Figure 4 in (Mütze et al. 2012)
GCaMP3 (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 980 0.126 / 0.33 * 515 (Chen et al. 2013) Figure 4I in (Helassa et al. 2015)
GCaMP3bright (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 950 0.02 / 0.7 * ~515 high fluorescence dynamic range Figure 4I in (Helassa et al. 2015)
GCaMP3fast (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 990 0.014 / 0.2 * ~515 fast Ca2+ response times Figure 4H in (Helassa et al. 2015)
GCaMP5A (pH 9.5) ~940 9.9 ~515 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2012)
GCaMP5D (pH 9.5) ~940 9.0 ~515 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2012)
GCaMP5G (pH 9.5) ~940 9.3 515 (Chen et al. 2013) Figure 1D in (Akerboom et al. 2012)
GCaMP6f ~940 ~35 515 (Chen et al. 2013) #
GCaMP6s 940 20 515 (Chen et al. 2013) Figure 5A in (Dana et al. 2016)
iGluSnFR ~940 ~515 Glutamate release Figure S13 in (Marvin et al. 2013)
Indo-1 730 490 / 405 (Cahalan et al. 2002) * and Figure 3A in (Wang and Yeh 2012)
jRCaMP1a ~1070 ~8 ~593 OPO-friendly Figure 2S1B in (Dana et al. 2016)
jRCaMP1b ~1080 ~11 ~593 OPO-friendly Figure 2S1B in (Dana et al. 2016)
jRGECO1a ~1070 ~7 ~593 OPO-friendly Figure 2S1B in (Dana et al. 2016)
K-GECO1 (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) ~1100 ~10 594 / 590 Figure 2C in (Shen et al. 2018)
mApple 1070 7.0 592 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2013)
mRuby 1060 4.0 590 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2013)
Oregon Green BAPTA-1 800 24 523 Figure 2A in (Kim et al. 2008a)
RCaMP1a (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 1070 / 1070 – / 5.9 594 / 595 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2013)
RCaMP1c (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 1070 / 1070 – / 7.3 597 / 595 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2013)
RCaMP1d (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 1070 / 1070 – / 7.7 597.5 / 592.5 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2013)
RCaMP1f (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 1070 / 1070 – / 8.2 597 / 591.5 Figure 2F in (Akerboom et al. 2013)
RCaMP1h ~1070 ~27 595 #
R-GECO1 (−Ca2+ / +Ca2+) 1065 / 1065 – / 3.8 598 / 588 – (Table 3) (Akerboom et al. 2013)
Other ions
6-CO2H-ZAP4 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) <700, >1000 – / 86 527 / 523 Zinc Figure 2B in (Khan et al. 2014)
ANa1 (+Na+) 780 95 500 Sodium Figure 1C in (Kim et al. 2010b)
Asante NaTRIUM Green-2 (ANG- 2) (−Na+ / +Na+) 780 0.84 / 5.7 542 Sodium Figure 2 in (Roder and Hille 2014)
AZn1 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 95 496 / 498 Zinc Figure 1B in (Kim et al. 2008b)
AZn2 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 110 494 / 499 Zinc Figure 1B in (Kim et al. 2008b)
AZnE1 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 86 502 / 503 Zinc Figure 2A in (Danish et al. 2011)
AZnE2 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 86 503 / 504 Zinc Figure 2A in (Danish et al. 2011)
AZnM1 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 88 501 / 504 Zinc Figure 2A in (Danish et al. 2011)
AZnM2 (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 86 504 / 504 Zinc Figure 2A in (Danish et al. 2011)
AZnN (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 780 – / 89 500 / 502 Zinc Figure 2A in (Danish et al. 2011)
FMg1 (−Mg2+ / +Mg2+) – / 740 – / 87 540 / 540 Magnesium Figure 1C in (Dong et al. 2012)
FMg2 (−Mg2+ / +Mg2+) – / 740 – / 76 555 / 555 Magnesium Figure 1C in (Dong et al. 2012)
NC7 860 77a 520 Magnesium Figure 4 in (Yin et al. 2015)
OC7 740 71a 500 Magnesium Figure 4 in (Yin et al. 2015)
PhenGreen-FL 1074 517 (Petrat et al. 1999) Heavy metals Figure 3 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
P-Zn (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) 700 / 700 304 / 565a 465 / 550 Zinc Figure 1A in (Li et al. 2017)
SBFI (+Na+) 780 20 539 Sodium Figure 1C in (Kim et al. 2010b)
Sodium Green(+Na+) 800 30 532 Sodium Figure 1C in (Kim et al. 2010b)
SZn-Mito (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 760 – / 75 500 / 493 Zinc Figure 1B in (Masanta et al. 2011)
SZn2-Mito (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) – / 750 – / 155 536 / 536 Zinc Figure 1B in (Baek et al. 2012)
SZnC (−Zn2+ / +Zn2+) 750 / 750 16 / 92 499 / 499 Zinc (Golgi- localized) Figure 2D in (Singh et al. 2015)
— Schwarze 2015 Probe 1 (DMSO / K+ / Na+) 860 3.1 / 9.4 / 3.4 511 Potassium / Sodium Figure 2B in (Schwarze et al. 2015)
— Schwarze 2015 Probe 2 (DMSO / K +) 840 5.7 / 16.1 493 Potassium – (Table 1) (Schwarze et al. 2015)
Voltage-sensitive dyes
ANNINE-6 1020 560-660 (Frey et al. 2006) – (Kuhn et al. 2008)
ANNINE-6plus 1060 560-660 – (Kuhn et al. 2004)
ArcLight A242 950 <775 – (Table 1) (Brinks et al. 2015)
ASAP1 950 <775 – (Table 1) (Brinks et al. 2015)
BP6 740 100 545 Mitochondrial membrane potential Figure 7 in (Moritomo et al. 2014)
CAESR 968 <775 – (Table 1) (Brinks et al. 2015)
di-2- ANEP(F)PTEA 1060 632 (bound to lipids) – (Yan et al. 2012)
di-3- ANEPPDHQ 850 >560 Figure 5A in (Fisher et al. 2008)
Di-4-ANEPPS 940 5 635 (in ethanol)b *
Di-8- ANEPPDHQ ~900- 950 ~20 620 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
Di-8-ANEPPS 940 10 625 (in octanol) * and Figure 5 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
FlicR1 1120 597 OPO-friendly – (Abdelfattah et al. 2016)
Merocyanine 540 >950 4.4 (at 960 nm) 615 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
Nile Blue A <800 0.6 (at 800 nm) 660 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
QuasAr1 1200 660-775 – (Table 1) (Brinks et al. 2015)
QuasAr2 1200 660-775 Figure S3 in (Brinks et al. 2015)
RH-1692 ~800- 850 1.5 (at 800 nm) 680 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
RH-237 <800, >960 8.9 (at 800 nm) 676 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
RH-414 ~950 12 (at 960 nm) 636 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
RH-421 ~950 16 (at 960 nm) 648 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
RH-795 ~950 10 (at 960 nm) 640 (in octanol) Figure 3 in (Fisher et al. 2005)
a

: calculated from the σ2 and φ values

b

: data from commercial provider

*

: data from http://www.drbio.cornell.edu/cross_sections.html (accessed 10/24/2017)