Table 8.

Biophysical properties of two-photon–suitable probes specific of sub-cellular structures : peak wavelength of two-photon action cross-section (φ_2PA) ; peak two-photon action cross-section (σ₂φ) ; peak wavelength of molecular brightness (φ_{ε_max}) ; peak molecular brightness (ε_max) ; fluorescence wavelength (φ_fluo). Probes discussed in the text are in bold.

Probe	φ2PA [nm]	σ2φ [GM]	λfluo [nm]	Comment	Reference
Acridine Orange	837 > 882 >> 981		526 (DNA), 650 (RNA)b	Nucleic acids	Figure 3 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
ANO1	750	170	502	Nitric oxide	Figure 3 in (Seo et al. 2012)
AS1	780	85	498	Glucose	Figure S6A in (Lim et al. 2012)
ASiR1 (in CH3CN)	750	258	593	Lysosomes	Figure S2 in (Zhang et al. 2018)
ASiR2 (in CH3CN)	760	237	601	Lysosomes	Figure S2 in (Zhang et al. 2018)
ASiR3 (in CH3CN)	760	160	606	Lysosomes	Figure S2 in (Zhang et al. 2018)
ASiR4 (in CH3CN)	760	179	608	Lysosomes	Figure S2 in (Zhang et al. 2018)
ASiR5 (in CH3CN)	750	189	609	Lysosomes	Figure S2 in (Zhang et al. 2018)
ASiR6 (in CH3CN)	750	193	601	Lysosomes	Figure S2 in (Zhang et al. 2018)
ASS (H20 / 2- AET)	780	11 / 113	457 / ~505	Thiols	Figure 1D in (Lee et al. 2010)
BLT-blue	750	160	451	Lysosomes	Figure 1B in (Han et al. 2012)
CAEI	850	152	550	Mitochondria	Figure 1B in (Miao et al. 2014)
CAI	860	328	562	Mitochondria	Figure 1B in (Miao et al. 2014)
CLT-blue	750	50	471	Lysosomes	Figure 1B in (Son et al. 2011)
CLT-yellow	850	47	549	Lysosomes	Figure 1B in (Son et al. 2011)
C-Laurdan (in EtOH)	780	64.5a	487	Lipid rafts	Figure S7 in (Kim et al. 2007)
DAPI	580 >> 685		461b	Nucleic acids	Figure 2A in (Trägårdh et al. 2015)
DCF2 (H2DCFDA) (in DMSO)	1065		538 (Yi et al. 2009)	Organelle tracker	Figure 3 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
DiA	880 (study limited to [830-920 nm])		590	Lipophilic Tracer	– (Table 1) (Ruthazer and Cline 2002)
DiD	830		665	Lipophilic Tracer	– (Table 1) (Ruthazer and Cline 2002)
DiI	<700, 1020	96, 10	565 (Cahalan et al. 2002)	Lipophilic Tracer, organelles	*
DiO	880 (study limited to [830-920 nm])		501	Lipophilic Tracer	– (Table 1) (Ruthazer and Cline 2002)
ER-Tracker white/blue	728		430-640b	Endoplasmic Reticulum (environmentally- sensitive)	Figure 5 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
FMT-green	750	175	523	Mitochondria	Figure 1B in (Han et al. 2012)
Hoechst 33258	560 >> 717		461b	Nucleic acids	Figure 5A in (Trägårdh et al. 2015)
Hoechst 33342	660 > 715		461b	Nucleic acids	Figure 3A in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
Laurdan (in EtOH)	780	60a	494	Lipid rafts	Figure S7 in (Kim et al. 2007)
LysoTracker Red	1010 < 1100		590b	Organelle tracker	Figure 5 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
LysoTracker Yellow	972		535b	Organelle tracker	Figure 5 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
MitoTracker Red	860, 1133	3.12 (at 860 nm)	599b	Organelle tracker	Figure 5 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
PKH26	950		567b	Membrane labelling	– (Takaki et al. 2015)
PKH67	870, 850		502b	Membrane labelling	– (Morelli et al. 2003; Kuwashima et al. 2005)
Propidium iodide	989 > 1015 >> 1099		617b	Nucleic acids (dead cells)	Figure 3 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
Quinacrine	678 > 697		525b	Nucleic acids, therapeutic effect	Figure 3 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
SL2 (in EtOH / THF)	800	40 / 185	576 / 495	Lipid rafts, turn-on	Figure 1B in (Lim et al. 2011b)
Rhodamine 123	913 > 1090		527b	Mitochondria	Figure 3 in (Bestvater et al. 2002)
SYBR Gold	~820		~537b	Nucleic acids	Figure 3 in (Neu et al. 2002)
SYBR Green	~820		520b	Nucleic acids	Figure 3 in (Neu et al. 2002)
Syto 13	~780-800		509 (DNA), 514 (RNA)b	Nucleic acids	Figure 2 in (Neu et al. 2002)
Syto 40	900		441b	Nucleic acids	Figure 2 in (Neu et al. 2002)
Syto 9	<800		503b	Nucleic acids	Figure 2 in (Neu et al. 2002)
Sytox Blue	<800		480b	Nucleic acids	Figure 3 in (Neu et al. 2002)
Sytox Green	~715		523b	Nucleic acids	Figure 5C in (Trägårdh et al. 2015)
TO-PRO-3	1110		661b	Nucleic acids, OPO- friendly	– (Smith et al. 2012)

^a: calculated from the σ₂ and φ values

^b: data from commercial provider

^*: data from http://www.drbio.cornell.edu/cross_sections.html (accessed 10/24/2017)