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. 2018 Aug 31;8:174. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0230-7

Table 1.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of the participants in this study

Variable Healthy controls (N=59) Antipsychotic-naive FEP (N=60) FEP after treatment (N=60) p-value
Gender (%) M:34 (57.6%) M:40 (66.7%) 0.309
Age in years; mean (SD) 25.97 (7.48) 25.63 (7.46) 0.808
Currently smoking (%) N = 2 (3.6%) N = 12 (23.5%) 0.002
Family history of psychosis (%) N = 23 (50%)
Cannabis use (%) N = 18 (52.9%)
Other drugs use (%)* N = 13 (41.9%)
Family income in US$/month (SD) 870.59 (792.31)
BMI in kg/m2 23.58 (3.78)
PANSS negative; mean (SD) 27.37 (10.51) 25.02 (9.28) 0.127
PANSS disorganization/cognition; mean (SD) 26.96 (8.58) 19.91 (6.22) 5.029 × 10-8
PANSS excitement; mean (SD) 24.69 (9.09) 13.22 (5.62) 7.84 × 10-14
PANSS positive; mean (SD) 34.75 (7.32) 21.23 (9.52) 2.46 × 10-13
PANSS depression/anxiety; mean (SD) 24.24 (8.79) 18.11 (7.85) 2.97 × 10-5
PANSS total 94.55 (20.94) 68.21 (20.31) 1.71 × 10-10
GAF; mean (SD) 31.21 (10.52) 55.47 (16.61) 1.34 × 10-11
CGI; mean (SD) 4.83 (0.72) 3.35 (1.26) 1.77 × 10−11
CDSS; mean (SD) 4.64 (5.04) 2.48 (4.27) 0.007

M male, SD standard deviation, FEP first-episode psychosis, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, CGI Clinical Global Impression Scale, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, CDSS Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia

*Drugs including cocaine, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, opioids and gases