Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the participants in this study
| Variable | Healthy controls (N=59) | Antipsychotic-naive FEP (N=60) | FEP after treatment (N=60) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (%) | M:34 (57.6%) | M:40 (66.7%) | 0.309 | |
| Age in years; mean (SD) | 25.97 (7.48) | 25.63 (7.46) | 0.808 | |
| Currently smoking (%) | N = 2 (3.6%) | N = 12 (23.5%) | 0.002 | |
| Family history of psychosis (%) | N = 23 (50%) | |||
| Cannabis use (%) | N = 18 (52.9%) | |||
| Other drugs use (%)* | N = 13 (41.9%) | |||
| Family income in US$/month (SD) | 870.59 (792.31) | |||
| BMI in kg/m2 | 23.58 (3.78) | |||
| PANSS negative; mean (SD) | 27.37 (10.51) | 25.02 (9.28) | 0.127 | |
| PANSS disorganization/cognition; mean (SD) | 26.96 (8.58) | 19.91 (6.22) | 5.029 × 10-8 | |
| PANSS excitement; mean (SD) | 24.69 (9.09) | 13.22 (5.62) | 7.84 × 10-14 | |
| PANSS positive; mean (SD) | 34.75 (7.32) | 21.23 (9.52) | 2.46 × 10-13 | |
| PANSS depression/anxiety; mean (SD) | 24.24 (8.79) | 18.11 (7.85) | 2.97 × 10-5 | |
| PANSS total | 94.55 (20.94) | 68.21 (20.31) | 1.71 × 10-10 | |
| GAF; mean (SD) | 31.21 (10.52) | 55.47 (16.61) | 1.34 × 10-11 | |
| CGI; mean (SD) | 4.83 (0.72) | 3.35 (1.26) | 1.77 × 10−11 | |
| CDSS; mean (SD) | 4.64 (5.04) | 2.48 (4.27) | 0.007 |
M male, SD standard deviation, FEP first-episode psychosis, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, CGI Clinical Global Impression Scale, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, CDSS Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia
*Drugs including cocaine, sedatives, stimulants, hallucinogens, opioids and gases