Figure 1.

Effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on behavioral tests. (A) Results of sucrose preference in sucrose preference test. (B) Immobility time in forced swimming test. (C) In the acquisition trials of the Morris water maze test, CUS rats showed longer escape latency during training days 2 to 4. (D–E) In the probe trial, CUS impaired memory retrieval as indicated by fewer crossing times over the platform position and less time spent in the target quadrant. (F–G) There was no significant difference of swim distance and swim speed among groups. Data are presented as mean±SEM (n=6/group). *P<.05, **P<.01 vs control group.