Table 3.
Practice issues in providing KC (specific treatments and conditions)*
| Items | Very/somewhat uncomfortable in ‘experienced in KC’ group (n=411), n (%) | Very/somewhat uncomfortable in ‘not experienced in KC’ group (n=450), n (%) | P values |
| Intravenous catheters | 30 (7.3) | 42 (9.3) | 0.943 |
| During the perioperative period | 84 (20.4) | 95 (21.1) | 0.479 |
| Endotracheal intubation | 143 (34.8) | 209 (46.4) | 0.005 |
| High-frequency jet or oscillator ventilation | 186 (45.3) | 240 (53.4) | 0.359 |
| Nasal cannula oxygen | 70 (17.0) | 114 (25.4) | 0.868 |
| Nasal continuous positive airway pressure | 100 (24.3) | 160 (35.6) | 0.222 |
| Percutaneous central lines | 56 (13.6) | 110 (24.4) | 0.001 |
| Phototherapy | 151 (36.7) | 193 (42.9) | 0.841 |
| Umbilical arterial catheters | 142 (34.6) | 171 (38.0) | 0.657 |
| Umbilical venous catheters | 130 (31.6) | 160 (35.5) | 0.698 |
| Vasopressors | 105 (25.5) | 141 (31.3) | 0.712 |
*Based on the original literature review from the Kangaroo Care Questionnaire (Engler et al, 1999)17; p<0.05 was considered significant.
KC, kangaroo care.