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. 2018 Jul 18;84(1):23–36. doi: 10.1002/ana.25250

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© 2018 The Authors. Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Neurological Association

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Plasma cytokines in adult MCAO or sham mice reconstituted with a young or aged microbiota. Plasma was sampled 7 days following the MCAO or sham MCAO. Two‐way ANOVA revealed significant effects of MCAO on IL‐4, G‐CSF (proinflammatory), IL‐6, TNFα, Eotaxin, and RANTES (anti‐inflammatory; p ≤ 0.04). Bars with the same letter are significantly different (p < 0.05) using the Holm‐Sidak post‐hoc analysis. n = 4 to 5 per group except Eotaxin and RANTES, which had 2 to 4 and 3 to 5 per group. ANOVA = analysis of variance; G‐CSF = granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor; IL = interleukin; MCAO = middle cerebral artery occlusion; RANTES = regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor alpha.