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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2018 Mar 26;31(5):494–502. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.03.008

Table 3.

Comparison of the attitudes and beliefs about HPV infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among urban versus rural parents in Mysore district, India 2010/2011(n=1609)

Attitudes and beliefs: Items Response Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Susceptibility to HPV Disagree
My daughter may be at-risk of getting HPV infection Do not know 0.65 (0.52, 0.82) 0.66 (0.41, 1.07)
Agree 0.92 (0.67, 1.26) 0.65 (0.35, 1.22)

It is likely that my daughter may get HPV infection in the future Disagree
Do not know 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) 0.88 (0.58, 1.33)
Agree 0.95 (0.69, 1.320 0.74 (0.44, 1.24)

Susceptibility to cervical cancer Disagree
It is possible that my daughter will get cervical cancer in the future Do not know 0.85 (0.67, 1.09) 0.90 (0.59, 1.38)
Agree 1.23 (0.88, 1.72) 1.28 (0.68, 2.43)

It is likely that my daughter may get cervical cancer someday Disagree
Do not know 0.81 (0.64, 1.02) 0.78 (0.54, 1.14)
Agree 0.94 (0.68, 1.31) 0.86 (0.51, 1.45)

Severity of HPV Disagree
I believe that HPV infection can cause serious health problem Do not know 1.43 (0.90, 2.27) 1.66 (0.78, 3.53)
Agree 2.91 (1.88, 4.50) 2.69 (1.43, 5.06)

I believe that HPV infection can be extremely harmful Disagree
Do not know 1.15 (0.76, 1.73) 1.30 (0.82, 2.04)
Agree 2.01 (1.38, 2.92) 1.81 (1.08, 3.04)

Severity of cervical cancer Disagree
I believe that cervical cancer is a serious disease Do not know 1.12 (0.73, 1.72) 1.78 (1.21, 2.63)
Agree 2.71 (1.84, 3.99) 2.68 (1.83, 3.91)

I believe that cervical cancer can be extremely harmful. Disagree
Do not know 1.04 (0.66, 1.64) 1.49 (0.76, 2.95)
Agree 2.33 (1.54, 3.52) 2.28 (1.26, 4.12)

Beliefs about HPV vaccine

Belief that HPV vaccine is safe No
Yes 1.15 (0.70, 1.91) 0.73 (0.41, 1.29)

Belief that HPV vaccine will prevent cervical cancer No
Yes 1.05 (0.52, 2.14) 0.80 (0.40, 1.57)

Having the HPV vaccination might make girls more likely to have sex Disagree
Do not know 0.68 (0.53, 0.88) 0.89 (0.58, 1.37)
Agree 0.56 (0.41, 0.76) 0.55 (0.33, 0.94)

Note: adjusted OR values are estimated based on generalized estimated equation using identity function (beliefs about HPV vaccine items) or multinomial regression (beliefs about susceptibility and severity HPV and cervical cancer) after controlling for age, gender, occupation, religion, marital status, education and awareness about HPV, source of information about HPV vaccine in the case of beliefs about HPV vaccine items. School was used as a cluster variable in all the analysis.