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. 2018 Sep 3;10(3):25. doi: 10.1038/s41368-018-0026-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Effect of sertraline treatment on the function of calvarial cell populations. a–d Effect of sertraline on the proliferative potential of cell types within the defect site. e–h Apoptotic effect of sertraline. i–l ALP function of cell types within the defect site after sertraline treatment. b Pre-osteoblast E1s were shown to have significantly decreased proliferation after sertraline treatment for 3 days, while by 7 days, a significant increase was observed (P < 0.001). In comparison, e–h the apoptotic effect of sertraline was shown to significantly decrease for f BMSCs (P < 0.01) and g E1s (P < 0.01), with e C2C12s and h primary calvarial cells also showing trends toward decreased apoptosis with sertraline treatment compared to control. Sertraline was found to significantly decrease i C2C12 (P < 0.001) and j BMSC (P < 0.001) ALP production at 7 days. n = 2–6 per cell type. ^# different from control; * different from low-dose sertraline; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Data are means ± standard errors