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. 2018 Aug 23;9:1978. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01978

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Copyright © 2018 Ma, Wang, Zhai, Zhou and Hao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Field-emission scanning electron microscopy examination of cells of L. paracasei L9 treated with 0.2% Ox-bile. For three groups, the left row (A,C,E) was bacteria from CDM+Bile and the right (B,D,F) was from CDMM+Bile. (G) Shows bacteria from CDM without bile salt. The twist structure (red arrows) and MVs (green arrows) are indicated.