Table 2.
Cognitive Scores for NH, ECI, and CIC Groups
| Groups | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH (N = 40) | ECI (N = 43) | CIC (N = 19) | ||||||
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | F value | P value | |
| Cognitive measures | ||||||||
| Working memory capacity | ||||||||
| Digit span (# items correct) | 48.1 | (17.1) | 43.2 | (16.6) | 38.3 | (17.3) | 2.27 | .108 |
| Object span (# items correct) | 31.4 | (10.5) | 31.7 | (10.5) | 30.4 | (13) | 0.09 | .918 |
| Symbol span (# items correct) | 7.8 | (5.2) | 11.1 | (8.5) | 4.6 | (3.3) | 6.8 | .002 |
| Information‐processing speed and inhibitory control | ||||||||
| Stroop control condition (msec) | 1106.8 | (278.3) | 1306 | (475.8) | 1458.3 | (521.6) | 4.96 | .009 |
| Stroop interference (msec) | 325.9 | (330.4) | 304.5 | (287.9) | 435.2 | (583.3) | 0.78 | .461 |
| Nonverbal reasoning | ||||||||
| Raven's (# items correct) | 13.1 | (5.9) | 9.9 | (5) | 9.8 | (5.2) | 4.48 | .014 |
| Speed of phonological and lexical access | ||||||||
| TOWRE non‐words (% phonemes correct) | 65 | (15) | 57.6 | (17.7) | 54.9 | (18.2) | 3.04 | .052 |
| TOWRE words (% words correct) | 77.5 | (9.3) | 71.3 | (11.8) | 71.5 | (10.5) | 4.02 | .021 |
| Verbal learning and memory | ||||||||
| CVLT‐II total words recalled (# correct) | 44.7 | (10.2) | 42.6 | (12.2) | 33.5 | (12.7) | 5.7 | .005 |
| CVLT‐II short delay recognition (# correct) | 89.7 | (7.4) | 89.3 | (8.3) | 64.1 | (33.1) | 19.28 | <.001 |
| CVLT‐II list B (% words correct) | 32.5 | (9.8) | 25.6 | (13) | 21.3 | (11.5) | 6.71 | .002 |
F values and p values for analyses of variance (ANOVAs) are shown.
CIC, cochlear implant candidate; ECI, experienced cochlear implant; NH, normal hearing.