Table 1. Diagnostic criteria according to different study groups.
| European Working Group 2010 | International Working Group 2011 | Asian Working Group 2011 | FNIH 2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | DXA is preferred | DXA | DXA or BIA (adjustment by height squared is preferred over weight) | DXA |
| BIA may be a good portable alternative to DXA | ||||
| Low muscle mass | <2 SD below mean of young adults or <sex-specific lowest 20% of study group | <20th percentile of values for healthy young adults | <2 SD below mean of young reference group or <20% of the subjects | Recommended |
| DXA | DXA | Appendicular lean mass (DXA) divided by BMI | ||
| Appendicular lean mass/height2 | Skeletal muscle mass/height2 | M<0.789 | ||
| M≤7.23 kg/m2 | M<7.0 kg/m2 | F<0.512 | ||
| F≤5.67 kg/m2 | F<5.4 kg/m2 | Alternative | ||
| BIA | Appendicular lean mass (DXA) | |||
| Skeletal muscle mass/height2 | M<19.75 kg | |||
| M<7.0 kg/m2 | F<15.02 kg | |||
| F<5.7 kg/m2 | ||||
| Function | Gait speed 0.8 m/s | Gait speed 1 m/s | Gait speed 0.8 m/s | Gait speed 0.8 m/s |
| Grip strength | Grip strength | |||
| Lower 20th percentile | Recommended: grip strength | |||
| M<26 kg, F<18 kg | M<26 kg, F<16 kg | |||
| Alternative: grip strength/BMI | ||||
| M<1.0, F<0.56 |
FNIH: foundation for the National Institutes of Health, DXA: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BIA: bioimpedence assessment, SD: standard deviation, M: male, F: female, BMI: body mass index.