Table 2.

Update on the new strategies for glaucoma therapy based on the distinct pathogenic mechanisms.

Mechanisms	Substance	Effect
Renin-Angiotensin System ACE inhibitors	Enalaprilat, Fosinopril, Perindopril, Ramiprilat,	Ocular hypotensive effect
Calcium Channels Ion channel blockers/inhibitors	Betaxolol, Diltiazem, flunarizine, Iganidipine, lomerizine, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Nilvadipine Verapamil, Nimodipine,	Improving ocular blood perfusion, neuroprotection and IOP lowering.
Cell kinases Cell cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor	Roscovitine	Cell contraction-relaxation in trabecular meshwork
Cell kinases (Rho family)	AMA0076 AR-13324 K-115 PG324 Y-39983 RKI-983 H-1152	Modulating signal transduction pathways and actin cytoskeleton function and cell motility of trabecular meshwork, canal of Schelmm and ciliary muscle cells
Aqueous humor homeostasis. PGAs EP2 receptor agonist	SAR366234	EP2 receptor agonist. Lowering IOP
Aqueous humor homeostasis PGAs Dual receptor affinity for FP and EP3 receptors,	ONO 9054	Lower and more sustained IOP reduction
Energy supplier Adenosine A2a receptor agonist	OPA-6566	Increase aqueous outflow facility by shrinking TM cell volume
Aqueous humor homeosthasis TM cells contractility Actin modulator	Latrunculin B (INS115644) marine macrolide	Improves TM outflow facility by inhibiting the assembly of actin microfilaments in cell cytoplasm

Abbreviations: ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; IOP: Intraocular pressure; PGAs: prostaglandin analogs; EP2: prostaglandin E2; EP3: prostaglandin E3; FP: prostaglandin F; TM: trabecular meshwork.