Figure 2.

EV71 infection shows a stimulatory effect on pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in cells and in an animal model. Human colorectal cells, Vero, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells were infected with EV71 for 8 h. The expressions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐α, and IFN‐β of infected cells were examined by western blotting (A) and real‐time PCR (B) at the indicated time points. (C) Mice from the EV71 group and the NC group were sacrificed on day 4 or 5 postinoculation to determine the expressions of IL‐1 and IFN‐β in different tissues of mice. These assays have been performed three times. Data represent means ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. The statistical test performed using Student's t‐test.