Figure 4.
Expression of either PGC1β or LDHA modulates ROS generation, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in MM.1R cells. MM.1R cells were infected by either expression or knockdown lentivirus for either PGC1β or LDHA, and the subsequent stable cell lines or related empty vector control (CTL) was cultured in hypoxic conditions (94% N2, 5% CO 2, and 1% O2) for 2 days, and then, the cells were harvested for further analysis. (A) ROS formation, n = 5. (B) Mitochondrial DNA copies, n = 4. (C) Intracellular ATP level, n = 5. (D) Apoptosis rate by TUNEL assay, n = 5. (E) Caspase‐3 activity, n = 5. *P < 0.05, vs CTL group; ¶ P < 0.05, vs ↑PGC1β group; # P < 0.05, vs shPGC1β group. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, and the group differences were statistically significant by one‐way ANOVA.