Table 2. P-values reflecting overall group differences, the obesity effect, metabolic unwellness trend, and diabetic effect.
P-values < 0.005 were considered statistically significant and are bolded. Trend tests identified increasing (↑) or decreasing (↓) trends from LMW to OBMW to OBMUW groups. Group comparisons identified increasing (↑) or decreasing (↓) if the second listed group had higher or lower values, respectively. For example, Obesity Effect for malonylcarnitine 0.0003 (↓) means that OBMW & OBMUW subjects have lower levels than LMW subjects.
| Species | Overall | Obesity effect (LMW vs. OBMW, OBMUW) | Metabolic Wellness Trend (Nondiabetic) (LMW → OBMW → OBMUW) | Diabetic effect (LMW, OBMW, OBMUW vs. OBDM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine | <0.0001 | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | 0.008 |
| Alloisoleucine | <0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.0001 (↑) | 0.004(↑) |
| Alpha-aminoadipic acid | <0.0001 | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | 0.004 (↑) |
| Asparagine | <0.0001 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.0001 (↓) |
| 3-OHbutyrylcarnitinea | 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.59 | 0.0002 (↑) |
| Cystine | <0.0001 | <0.0001 (↑) | 0.001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) |
| Hexadecanoylcarnitine | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Isoleucine | <0.0001 | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) |
| Leucine | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) |
| Lysine | 0.0006 | 0.009 | 0.001 (↑) | 0.008 |
| Malonylcarnitine | 0.001 | 0.0003 (↓) | 0.008 | 0.37 |
| Phenylalanine | <0.0001 | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) |
| Propionylcarnitine | 0.0005 | 0.0003 (↑) | 0.0006 (↑) | 0.03 |
| Tyrosine | <0.0001 | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | 0.03 |
| Valine | <0.0001 | 0.001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) | <0.0001 (↑) |
Notes.
a
3-OHbutyrylcarnitine was specifically quantified in 58 subjects (LMW = 14, OBMW = 20, OBMUW = 11, OBDM = 13).
The species quantified in the other subjects could be either 3-OHisobutyrylcarnitine or 3-OHbutyrylcarnitine.