Table 10.
Changes in urinalysis parameters after daily intake of test food
| Measurements | Standard range | Group | 0 weeks
|
12 weeks
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | ± | + | – | ± | + | |||||||
| Urine protein | (–) | Placebo | 34 | 4 | 0 | 29 | 8 | 0 | ||||
| KPE | 34 | 4 | 0 | 28 | 9 | 1 | ||||||
| Urine glucose | (–) | Placebo | 38 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| KPE | 38 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Urobilinogen | (±) | Placebo | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | ||||
| KPE | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 | ||||||
| Bilirubin | (–) | Placebo | 38 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| KPE | 38 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| – | ± | + | 2+ | 3+ | – | ± | + | 2+ | 3+ | |||
| Ketone bodies | (–) | Placebo | 36 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| KPE | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Occult blood | (–) | Placebo | 31 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| KPE | 31 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Specific gravity | 1.005–1.030 | Placebo | 1.0153±0.0068 | 1.0183± | 0.0072 | |||||||
| KPE | 1.0160±0.0062 | 1.0170± | 0.0081 | |||||||||
| pH | 5.0–7.5 | Placebo | 6.25±0.75 | 6.34±0.84 | ||||||||
| KPE | 6.39±0.70 | 6.37±0.66 | ||||||||||
Notes: Urine protein, urine glucose, urobilinogen, bilirubin, ketone bodies, and occult blood: values indicate the number of subjects. Status is indicated as follows: −, negative; ±, false-positive; +, positive (mild); 2+, positive (moderate); 3+, positive (serious). Specific gravity and pH: values are presented as mean±SD. There were no significant differences between the groups.
Abbreviation: KPE, Kaempferia parviflora extract.